ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2017
Multiply repeatable and adjustable on-demand phototriggered local anesthesia.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design and Application of Intelligent Local Anesthetic Nanoformulations.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Molecular Dynamics Insights into Peptide-Based Tetrodotoxin Delivery Nanostructures.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Externally triggered drug delivery systems.Smart materials in medicine · 2024Article
- Materials for Controlled Release of Local Anesthetics.ChemMedChem · 2023Review
- Repetitive drug delivery using Light-Activated liposomes for potential antimicrobial therapies.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Delivery of local anaesthetics by a self-assembled supramolecular system mimicking their interactions with a sodium channel.Nature biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Strategies to Obtain Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Small Hydrophilic Molecules.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Long-acting liposomal corneal anesthetics.Biomaterials · 2018Article
- Predicting the tissue depth for remote triggering of drug delivery systems.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2018Article
- Prolonged Duration Local Anesthesia Using Liposomal Bupivacaine Combined With Liposomal Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2018Article
- Strategies for Targeted Delivery to the Peripheral Nerve.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Review
- Enhanced Triggering of Local Anesthetic Particles by Photosensitization and Photothermal Effect Using a Common Wavelength.Nano letters · 2017Article
- Ultrasound-triggered local anaesthesia.Nature biomedical engineering · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A phototriggerable system whereby patients could repeatedly and non-invasively control the timing and dosage of local anesthesia according to their needs would be beneficial for perioperative pain and perhaps obviate the need for oral narcotics. However, clinical application of phototriggerable systems have been limited by concerns over phototoxicity of lasers and limited tissue penetration of light. To address these limitations, we increased the devices' effective sensitivity to light by co-delivering a second compound, dexmedetomidine, that potentiates the effect of delivered local anesthetics. The concurrent release of dexmedetomidine enhanced the efficacy of released local anesthetics, greatly increasing the number of triggerable nerve blocks (up to nine triggerable events upon a single injection) and reducing the irradiance needed to induce nerve block by 94%. The intensity and duration of on-demand analgesia could be adjusted by varying the intensity and duration of irradiance, which could not only be delivered by lasers, but also by light-emitting diodes, which are less expensive, safer, and more portable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.