ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2017
Xpert MTB/RIF on Stool Is Useful for the Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Young Children With Severe Pulmonary Disease.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Performance of stool-based molecular tests and processing methods for paediatric tuberculosis diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of Xpert in tuberculosis diagnosis based on various specimens: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Paediatric tuberculosis diagnosis using Mycobacterium tuberculosis real-time polymerase chain reaction assay: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assays for active tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Diagnostic accuracy of molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pediatric stool samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019Pooled it
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Stool Xpert MTB/RIF for Detection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Pooled it
- Host-response-based gene signatures for tuberculosis diagnosis: A systematic comparison of 16 signatures.PLoS medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Expanding Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra® and LF-LAM testing for diagnosis of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults admitted to hospitals in Tanzania and Mozambique: a randomized controlled trial (the EXULTANT trial).BMC infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Diagnostic performance of non-invasive, stool-based molecular assays in patients with paucibacillary tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Associated With Tuberculosis Disease and Declines With Anti-TB Treatment in HIV-Infected Children.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Integrated surveillance of polio-negative acute flaccid paralysis cases for childhood tuberculosis: a novel GeneXpert-based screening approach in Rivers State, Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Computer-aided detection for radiological disease severity classification on chest radiograph in children with intra-thoracic tuberculosis.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra in Pediatric Tuberculosis: How Disease Characteristics Modify Test Performances.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Performance of Stool Samples to Diagnose Pediatric Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Routine Care: A Cohort Study From Pakistan.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Stool Gene-Xpert MTB/Rif test for the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- The contribution of TB rapid diagnostic testing in reducing TB-related mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa- in both Person-Living with HIV and HIV-Negative populations: A 9-year quantitative retrospective analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Utility of stool Xpert MTB/Rif assay in the diagnosis of pulmonary and abdominal tuberculosis in children - A study from Western India.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2025Article
- Systematic Screening for Tuberculosis Using Molecular Testing on Stool Samples in Acutely Malnourished Children: A Pilot Implementation Study in a High-Burden Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Country.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Blood-based diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis: A prospective cohort study in South Africa and Dominican Republic.The Journal of infection · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) continues to result in high morbidity and mortality in children from resource-limited settings. Diagnostic challenges, including resource-intense sputum collection methods and insensitive diagnostic tests, contribute to diagnostic delay and poor outcomes in children. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of stool Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) compared with bacteriologic confirmation (combination of Xpert and culture of respiratory samples).
methodsIn a hospital-based study in Cape Town, South Africa, we enrolled children younger than 13 years of age with suspected pulmonary TB from April 2012 to August 2015. Standard clinical investigations included tuberculin skin test, chest radiograph and HIV testing. Respiratory samples for smear microscopy, Xpert and liquid culture included gastric aspirates, induced sputum, nasopharyngeal aspirates and expectorated sputum. One stool sample per child was collected and tested using Xpert.
resultsOf 379 children enrolled (median age, 15.9 months, 13.7% HIV infected), 73 (19.3%) had bacteriologically confirmed TB. The sensitivity and specificity of stool Xpert versus overall bacteriologic confirmation were 31.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 21.84%-44.50%] and 99.7% (95% CI: 98.2%-100%), respectively. A total of 23/51 (45.1%) children with bacteriologically confirmed TB with severe disease were stool Xpert positive. Cavities on chest radiograph were associated with Xpert stool positivity regardless of age and other relevant factors [odds ratios (OR) 7.05; 95% CI: 2.16-22.98; P = 0.001].
conclusionsStool Xpert can rapidly confirm TB in children who present with radiologic findings suggestive of severe TB. In resource-limited settings where children frequently present with advanced disease, Xpert on stool samples could improve access to rapid diagnostic confirmation and appropriate treatment.
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