ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2017
Childhood Cognitive Ability and Incident Dementia: The 1932 Scottish Mental Survey Cohort into their 10th Decade.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic susceptibility to cognitive decline following craniospinal irradiation for pediatric central nervous system tumors.Neuro-oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review on the Impact of Intelligence on Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Cognitive function in childhood and cardiovascular disease risk factors up to 6 decades later: Pooled data from two birth cohort studies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Early-life influences on the risk for later-life Alzheimer's and non-Alzheimer's dementia: A nearly full life course prospective cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Adverse childhood experiences, early menopause, cognition, and dementia in older adults in the United States.Communications health · 2026Article
- Adolescent IQ and performance-based measures of physical function in old age: a 54-year longitudinal study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the associations between physical inactivity and cognitive function, mental health, and metabolic parameters in U.S. adolescents: results stratified by sex.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Multilevel multiverse meta-analysis indicates lower IQ as a risk factor for physical and mental illness.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Cognitive Activity From Early to Late Life and the Risk of AD Dementia: A Life Course Study.Neurology open access · 2025Article
- Life-course exposure to air pollution and the risk of dementia in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Differences in cognitive function at 18 y of age explain the association between low education and early dementia risk.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Assessing Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline Using Electronic Health Record Data: A Scoping Review.Research square · 2024Article
- General cognitive ability in high school, attained education, occupational complexity, and dementia risk.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Pace of aging, family environment and cognitive skills in children and adolescents.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Association of Genetic Variants Linked to Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease With Cognitive Test Performance by Midlife.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Head Impact Exposure, Gray Matter Volume, and Moderating Effects of Estimated Intelligence Quotient and Educational Attainment in Former Athletes at Midlife.Journal of neurotrauma · 2022Article
- Participation in After-School Extracurricular Activities and Cognitive Ability Among Early Adolescents in China: Moderating Effects of Gender and Family Economic Status.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Associations between the Mediterranean Diet Pattern and Weight Status and Cognitive Development in Preschool Children.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Impact of Cognitive Reserve and Premorbid IQ on Cognitive and Functional Status in Older Outpatients.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Intelligence, health and death.Nature human behaviour · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prevention of dementia is a global priority but its etiology is poorly understood. Early life cognitive ability has been linked to subsequent dementia risk but studies to date have been small and none has examined sex differences.
methodsIn the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey cohort, we related intelligence test scores at age 11 years in 16,370 boys and 16,097 girls (born in 1921) to incident dementia ages ≥65 years as ascertained using probabilistic linkage to electronic health records up to the age of 92 years (1,231 cases in men, 2,163 in women; median follow-up 15 years).
resultsCompared with the highest intelligence group (IQ ≥115), dementia risk was raised in the lowest-scoring category (<85) and these associations were stronger for women (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.51; 1.29, 1.76) than men (1.19; 0.98, 1.44; P value for interaction by gender: 0.054). There was evidence of a dose-response association between childhood IQ and dementia in women (IQ 100-114.9 compared with ≥115: 1.18; 1.03, 1.34; IQ 85-99.9: 1.32; 1.15, 1.51; P value for trend <0.001) but not in men (1.05; 0.89, 1.24 and 1.01; 0.85, 1.21; 0.44).
conclusionsChildhood intelligence is related to subsequent dementia risk but this association is not the same in men and women. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B184.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.