ReviewPhysiological reviews2017
The Contribution of Small Airway Obstruction to the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Review in Physiological reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT03839992 (The Measurement and Analysis of Maximal Expiratory Flow Volume Loops at Low Lung Volumes in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Normal Routine Lung Function.), which is not on this map. Cited by 157 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Measurement and Analysis of Maximal Expiratory Flow Volume Loops at Low Lung Volumes in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Normal Routine Lung Function.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 314 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lung volumes, gas transfer and oscillometry after preterm birth: systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Roflumilast on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroid/Long-ActingComputational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pretransplant Small-airway Dysfunction is Associated with Posttransplant Complications in Adult HSCT Recipients.Thoracic research and practice · 2026Article
- Chest CT imaging toward personalized management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchiectasis: pulmonologist perspectives.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of tiotropium in partial and uncontrolled preschool asthma (TIPP): a phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Multiscale Entropy Reveals Reduced Airflow Complexity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Associations with Spirometry and Diagnostic Utility.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Welding Fumes and SARS-CoV-2: A Dangerous Combination.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Navigating the small airways with tezepelumab.ERJ open research · 2026Article
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- Article
- Distal Airway Inflammation Is Linked to Small Airway Dysfunction in Asthma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Diagnosis and Management of Small Airways Disease.CHEST pulmonary · 2026Review
- Spirometric Lung Function Among Smokers and Non-Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study in University Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- A Brief History of COPD: As Told by Some of Its Senior Scientists and Clinicians.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond spirometry: understanding COPD origins to support a new diagnostic approach.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Prolonged expiratory time constant and risk of moderate-to-severe exacerbations in stable COPD.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Developmental Origins of Asthma and COPD.Annual review of physiology · 2026Review
- Follow-up of neonatal chronic respiratory disease: an update based on the current evidence.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial reprogramming of neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma: toward a phenotype-driven therapeutic framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Quantitative CT features for COPD classification and GOLD spirometric severity assessment: a single-center model-development study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrigendum.2018
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The hypothesis that the small conducting airways were the major site of obstruction to airflow in normal lungs was introduced by Rohrer in 1915 and prevailed until Weibel introduced a quantitative method of studying lung anatomy in 1963. Green repeated Rohrer's calculations using Weibels new data in 1965 and found that the smaller conducting airways offered very little resistance to airflow. This conflict was resolved by seminal experiments conducted by Macklem and Mead in 1967, which confirmed that a small proportion of the total lower airways resistance is attributable to small airways <2 mm in diameter. Shortly thereafter, Hogg, Macklem, and Thurlbeck used this technique to show that small airways become the major site of obstruction in lungs affected by emphysema. These and other observations led Mead to write a seminal editorial in 1970 that postulated the small airways are a silent zone within normal lungs where disease can accumulate over many years without being noticed. This review provides a progress report since the 1970s on methods for detecting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the structural nature of small airways' disease, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are thought to underlie its pathogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.