SynthesisInternational journal of obesity (2005)2017
Subcutaneous fat loss is greater than visceral fat loss with diet and exercise, weight-loss promoting drugs and bariatric surgery: a critical review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of obesity (2005), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04514146 (A Pilot Study on the Effects of Water-only Fasting and Refeeding on Body Composition and Insulin Resistance), which is not on this map. Cited by 59 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study on the Effects of Water-only Fasting and Refeeding on Body Composition and Insulin Resistance
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic aspects of surgical subcutaneous fat removal: An umbrella review and implications for future research.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of aerobic exercise on waist circumference in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Pooled it
- Comparisons of calorie restriction and structured exercise on reductions in visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue: a systematic review.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Exercise and Pharmacological Interventions on Visceral Adiposity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Long-term Randomized Controlled Trials.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2019Pooled it
- Weight Loss Induces Changes in Vitamin D Status in Women With Obesity But Not in Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Protein supplementation during an energy-restricted diet induces visceral fat loss and gut microbiota amino acid metabolism activation: a randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Changes in body composition with a hypocaloric diet combined with sedentary, moderate and high-intense physical activity: a randomized controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2019Trial
- Effect of diet with or without exercise on abdominal fat in postmenopausal women - a randomised trial.BMC public health · 2019Trial
- Adipose Tissue Expandability as a Link Between Nutrition and Obesity-Related Metabolic Risk: Insights from Bariatric Surgery.Nutrients · 2026Review
- DoesFood science & nutrition · 2026Review
- CD36 and Its Role in Obesity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Ep300-mediated acetylation plasticity in the acetyl-CoA metabolic network drives the protective role of intensive lifestyle intervention in visceral white adipose tissue.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Distinct precursor landscape of subcutaneous and visceral fat in development and aging.Cell reports · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns for metabolic associated fatty liver disease: evidence from randomized controlled trials with grade analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Changes in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness associate with disease and anthropometric factors.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Combined effects of dietary inflammatory index and vigorous physical activity on abdominal adipose tissue: analysis of NHANES 2011-2018.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Lumbar localized fat distribution parameters are independent predictors of osteoporotic vertebral compression re-fractures (OVCRFs) following Percutaneous Kyphoplasty (PKP): a retrospective matched case-control study.Skeletal radiology · 2025Article
- The hypothalamic estrogen receptor α pathway is involved in high-intensity interval training-induced visceral fat loss in premenopausal rats.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Adherence to an Early Exercise Plan Promotes Visceral Fat Loss in the First Month Following Bariatric Surgery.Obesity surgery · 2025Article
- Fat Quality, Not Just Quantity: Incretin-Based Therapy and Fat Composition in Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim of this review is to compare visceral and subcutaneous fat loss with all available strategies (diet and exercise, weight-loss promoting agents and bariatric surgery). Eighty-nine studies, all full papers, were analyzed to evaluate visceral and subcutaneous fat changes, measured through ultrasound, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and expressed as thickness, weight, area and volume. Studies were included in a meta-analysis (random-effects model). Intervention effect (absolute and percent changes of visceral and subcutaneous fat) was expressed as standardized mean differences, with 95% confidence intervals. Publication bias was formally assessed. The result was that subcutaneous fat was greater than visceral fat when measured as area, volume and weight, not as thickness; decrease of subcutaneous fat was greater than visceral fat when measured as area, volume and weight, not as thickness; percent decrease of visceral fat was always greater than percent decrease of subcutaneous fat, with no differences between different strategies. No intervention preferentially targets visceral fat. Basal visceral fat depots are smaller than basal subcutaneous fat depots. Visceral fat loss is linked to subcutaneous fat loss. With all strategies, percent decrease of visceral fat prevails on subcutaneous fat loss.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.