ArticleNeurology2017
Symptoms from repeated intentional and unintentional head impact in soccer players.
Article in Neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06927063 (Long-term Recovery and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disruption After Traumatic Brain Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Long-term Recovery and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disruption After Traumatic Brain Injury
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Advanced biomarkers of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Progress and perils.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Soccer heading and white matter microstructural changes: a two-year longitudinal cohort study.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Soccer Heading Exposure-Dependent Microstructural Injury at Depths of Sulci in Adult Amateur Players.Neurology · 2025Article
- Intervertebral disc degeneration of the lumbar spine assessed in vivo with 3T magnetic resonance tomoelastography.Radiology advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Immediate and Transient Perturbances in EEG Within Seconds Following Controlled Soccer Head Impact.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Article
- Soccer (football) and brain health.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Neck strength alone does not mitigate adverse associations of soccer heading with cognitive performance in adult amateur players.PloS one · 2024Article
- Heading Frequency and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Retired Male Professional Soccer Players.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Soccer heading immediately alters brain function and brain-muscle communication.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Evolving brain and behaviour changes in rats following repetitive subconcussive head impacts.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Age of first exposure to soccer heading: Associations with cognitive, clinical, and imaging outcomes in the Einstein Soccer Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Repetitive soccer heading adversely impacts short-term learning among adult women.Journal of science and medicine in sport · 2022Article
- The relation between neck strength and psychological distress: preliminary evidence from collegiate soccer athletes.Concussion (London, England) · 2021Article
- The ENIGMA sports injury working group:- an international collaboration to further our understanding of sport-related brain injury.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Article
- Framing potential for adverse effects of repetitive subconcussive impacts in soccer in the context of athlete and non-athlete controls.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Article
- Personality and Risk Taking in Sports: A Focus on Unintentional and Intentional Head Impacts in Amateur Soccer Players.Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine · 2020Article
- Goalkeepers Live Longer than Field Players: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis Based on World-Class Football Players.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Associations of Apolipoprotein E ε4 Genotype and Ball Heading With Verbal Memory in Amateur Soccer Players.JAMA neurology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the rate and differential contribution of heading vs unintentional head impacts (e.g., head to head, goal post) to CNS symptoms in adult amateur soccer players.
methodsAmateur soccer players completed baseline and serial on-line 2-week recall questionnaires (HeadCount) and reported (1) soccer practice and games, (2) heading and unintentional soccer head trauma, and (3) frequency and severity (mild to very severe) of CNS symptoms. For analysis, CNS symptoms were affirmed if one or more moderate, severe, or very severe episodes were reported in a 2-week period. Repeated measures logistic regression was used to assess if 2-week heading exposure (i.e., 4 quartiles) or unintentional head impacts (i.e., 0, 1, 2+) were associated with CNS symptoms.
resultsA total of 222 soccer players (79% male) completed 470 HeadCount questionnaires. Mean (median) heading/2 weeks was 44 (18) for men and 27 (9.5) for women. One or more unintentional head impacts were reported by 37% of men and 43% of women. Heading-related symptoms were reported in 20% (93 out of 470) of the HeadCounts. Heading in the highest quartile was significantly associated with CNS symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 3.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57-6.37) when controlling for unintentional exposure. Those with 2+ unintentional exposures were at increased risk for CNS symptoms (OR 6.09, 95% CI 3.33-11.17) as were those with a single exposure (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.69-5.26) when controlling for heading.
conclusionsIntentional (i.e., heading) and unintentional head impacts are each independently associated with moderate to very severe CNS symptoms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.