ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2017
Intrathecal Th17- and B cell-associated cytokine and chemokine responses in relation to clinical outcome in Lyme neuroborreliosis: a large retrospective study.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomarkers of Lyme neuroborreliosis: a systematic review.Infection · 2026Review
- Distinct Clinico-pathogenic Subgroups in Pediatric Lyme Neuroborreliosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid protein profiling of inflammatory and neurobiological markers in Lyme neuroborreliosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology in Lyme Neuroborreliosis Revisited-Role of Neutrophilic Granulocytes: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in the Pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: A Review of the Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Modulation of Macrophage Redox and Apoptotic Processes toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Intrathecal Th17-driven inflammation is associated with prolonged post-treatment convalescence for patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid CXCL13 as Candidate Biomarker of Intrathecal Immune Activation, IgG Synthesis and Neurocognitive Impairment in People with HIV.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Article
- Attenuation of relapsing fever neuroborreliosis in mice by IL-17A blockade.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- CD4 T cell responses in persistent Borrelia burgdorferi infection.Current opinion in immunology · 2022Review
- Unique Clinical, Immune, and Genetic Signature in Patients with Borrelial MeningoradiculoneuritisEmerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The Kynurenine Pathway is Differentially Activated in Children with Lyme Disease and Tick-Borne Encephalitis.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Stimulated Immune Response by TruCultureFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Observational
- Comparative Analysis of the Euroimmun CXCL13 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and the ReaScan Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Diagnosis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Article
- The predictive value of CXCL13 in suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis: a retrospective cross-sectional study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
- Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) in Neuroborreliosis and Neurosyphilis as Selected Spirochetal Neurological Diseases: A Review of Its Diagnostic Significance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, stimulates an inflammatory response in human choroid plexus epithelial cells.PloS one · 2020Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundB cell immunity, including the chemokine CXCL13, has an established role in Lyme neuroborreliosis, and also, T helper (Th) 17 immunity, including IL-17A, has recently been implicated.
methodsWe analysed a set of cytokines and chemokines associated with B cell and Th17 immunity in cerebrospinal fluid and serum from clinically well-characterized patients with definite Lyme neuroborreliosis (group 1, n = 49), defined by both cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and Borrelia-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and from two groups with possible Lyme neuroborreliosis, showing either pleocytosis (group 2, n = 14) or Borrelia-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (group 3, n = 14). A non-Lyme neuroborreliosis reference group consisted of 88 patients lacking pleocytosis and Borrelia-specific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
resultsCerebrospinal fluid levels of B cell-associated markers (CXCL13, APRIL and BAFF) were significantly elevated in groups 1, 2 and 3 compared with the reference group, except for BAFF, which was not elevated in group 3. Regarding Th17-associated markers (IL-17A, CXCL1 and CCL20), CCL20 in cerebrospinal fluid was significantly elevated in groups 1, 2 and 3 compared with the reference group, while IL-17A and CXCL1 were elevated in group 1. Patients with time of recovery <3 months had lower cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-17A, APRIL and BAFF compared to patients with recovery >3 months.
conclusionsBy using a set of markers in addition to CXCL13 and IL-17A, we confirm that B cell- and Th17-associated immune responses are involved in Lyme neuroborreliosis pathogenesis with different patterns in subgroups. Furthermore, IL-17A, APRIL and BAFF may be associated with time to recovery after treatment.
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