ArticleMalaria journal2017
Increase in imported malaria in the Netherlands in asylum seekers and VFR travellers.
Article in Malaria journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence of malarial chemoprophylaxis among travellers who died from malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2023Pooled it
- Pre-hospital time delays in imported malaria diagnosis in hospitalized sub-Saharan travelers and migrants: not only on the patient's shoulders.Infection · 2025Observational
- Imported malaria into Australia: surveillance insights and opportunities.Journal of travel medicine · 2024Article
- The Ready-To-Go Questionnaire predicts health outcomes during travel: a smartphone application-based analysis.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Article
- Performance of a novel melting curve-based qPCR assay for malaria parasites in routine clinical practice in non-endemic setting.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections among Dutch travellers to Suriname: a prospective study during the introduction of chikungunya and Zika virus, 2014 to 2017.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Article
- Malaria Surveillance - United States, 2018.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2022Article
- Comparing Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance and Response in Beijing and the Netherlands.Annals of global health · 2022Article
- Malaria diagnosis in a malaria non-endemic high-resource country: high variation of diagnostic strategy in clinical laboratories in the Netherlands.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Post-mortem diagnosis of imported malaria in France: a case report.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Malaria Surveillance - United States, 2017.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2021Article
- Epidemiologic Trends in Malaria Incidence Among Travelers Returning to Metropolitan France, 1996-2016.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Malaria in Eritrean migrants newly arrived in seven European countries, 2011 to 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Article
- Multiplex real-time PCR for diagnosing malaria in a non-endemic setting: a prospective comparison to conventional methods.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Article
- Area of exposure and treatment challenges of malaria in Eritrean migrants: a GeoSentinel analysis.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- High prevalence of malaria in a non-endemic setting: comparison of diagnostic tools and patient outcome during a four-year survey (2013-2017).Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Changes in malaria epidemiology in Germany, 2001-2016: a time series analysis.Malaria journal · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalaria is a notifiable disease in the Netherlands, a non-endemic country. Imported malaria infections occur regularly among travellers, migrants and visitors. Surveillance data were analysed from 2008 to 2015. Trends in amounts of notifications among risk groups were analysed using Poisson regression. For asylum seekers, yearly incidence was calculated per region of origin, using national asylum request statistics as denominator data. For tourists, denominator data were used from travel statistics to estimate incidence per travel region up to 2012.
resultsA modest increase in overall imported malaria notifications occurred in 2008-2015 (from 222 in 2008 to 344 in 2015). Notably, in 2014 and 2015 sharp increases were seen in malaria among travellers visiting friends and relatives (VFR), and in asylum seekers. Of all Plasmodium falciparum infections, most (1254/1337; 93.8%) were imported from Africa; 1037/1337 (77.6%) were imported from Central and West Africa. Malaria in VFR was mostly caused by P. falciparum infection after visiting Ghana (22%) or Nigeria (19%). Malaria in asylum seekers was mostly caused by Plasmodium vivax infection from the Horn of Africa. The large number of notifications in asylum seekers resulted from both an increase in number of asylum seekers and a striking increase of malaria incidence in this group. Incidence of malaria in asylum seekers from the Horn of Africa ranged between 0.02 and 0.3% in 2008-2013, but rose to 1.6% in 2014 and 1.3% in 2015. In 2008-2012, incidence in tourists visiting Central and West Africa dropped markedly.
conclusionsImported malaria is on the rise again in the Netherlands, most notably since 2013. This is mostly due to immigration of asylum seekers from the Horn of Africa. The predominance of P. vivax infection among asylum seekers warrants vigilance in health workers when a migrant presents with fever, as relapses of this type of malaria can occur long after arrival in the Netherlands.
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