SynthesisBMC medicine2017
What is the association of hypothyroidism with risks of cardiovascular events and mortality? A meta-analysis of 55 cohort studies involving 1,898,314 participants.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The association of thyroid stimulation hormone levels with incident ischemic heart disease, incident stroke, and all-cause mortality.Endocrine · 2020Pooled it
- Hypothyroidism and related diseases: a methodological quality assessment of meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Thyroid Function and Dysfunction in Relation to 16 Cardiovascular Diseases.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2019Pooled it
- The relationship between thyroid dysfunction, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.Acta diabetologica · 2022Trial
- Thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.European heart journal · 2026Review
- Normalized creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio and cardiovascular disease risk in populations with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: findings from a national and prospective cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Age-related changes in HPT axis sensitivity and their associations with metabolic and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional, Chinese nationwide study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Thyroid hormone replacement is associated with improvement in renal dysfunction in patients with hypothyroidism: a retrospective observational study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Rethinking strategies for solving thyroid dysfunction at the heart of cardiovascular disease.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Nutrition and Micronutrient Interactions in Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders: Implications for Cardiovascular Health.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Heart Failure in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Hypothyroidism: A Retrospective Large Database Analysis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Hypothyroidism: playing the cardiometabolic risk concerto.Thyroid research · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of a Patented Chinese Herbal Medicine for Treating Hypothyroidism inCurrent pharmaceutical design · 2025Article
- Effect of thyroid stimulating hormone on the prognosis of coronary heart disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Roxadustat has risks of reversible central hypothyroidism in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Renal failure · 2024Article
- Beyond the Thyroid: A Narrative Review of Extra-thyroidal Manifestations in Hashimoto's Disease.Cureus · 2024Review
- Zinc and Ferritin Levels and Their Associations with Functional Disorders and/or Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Genetically predicted hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone treatment, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a mendelian randomization study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Thyroid dysfunction and mortality in cardiovascular hospitalized patients.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhether hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events is still disputed. We aimed to assess the association between hypothyroidism and risks of cardiovascular events and mortality.
methodsWe searched PubMed and Embase from inception to 29 February 2016. Cohort studies were included with no restriction of hypothyroid states. Priori main outcomes were ischemic heart disease (IHD), cardiac mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.
resultsFifty-five cohort studies involving 1,898,314 participants were identified. Patients with hypothyroidism, compared with euthyroidism, experienced higher risks of IHD (relative risk (RR): 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.26), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.05-1.25), cardiac mortality (RR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.38-2.80), and all-cause mortality (RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.13-1.39); subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH; especially with thyrotropin level ≥10 mIU/L) was also associated with higher risks of IHD and cardiac mortality. Moreover, cardiac patients with hypothyroidism, compared with those with euthyroidism, experienced higher risks of cardiac mortality (RR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.28-3.83) and all-cause mortality (RR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.26-1.81).
conclusionsHypothyroidism is a risk factor for IHD and cardiac mortality. Hypothyroidism is associated with higher risks of cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality compared with euthyroidism in the general public or in patients with cardiac disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.