ReviewToxins2017
p-Cresyl Sulfate.
Review in Toxins, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 249 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of a Nutritional Supplement of Probiotics and/or Prebiotics vs Placebo on Serum Concentrations of Uremic Toxins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.
Toxins Removal and Inflammatory State modulAtion During Online Hemodiafiltration: Comparison of Two Different Dialyzers
Who cites it
249 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 395 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Microbiome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 4 and 5: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Microbiota-Driven Therapy on Circulating Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Protein-bound uremic toxin lowering strategies in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2021Pooled it
- Uremic toxins levels from the gut microbiota seem not to be altered by physical exercise in hemodialysis patients.International urology and nephrology · 2022Trial
- Amino acid metabolic reprogramming by gut microbiota: a novel metabolic checkpoint in the tumor microenvironment.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Targeting the gut-kidney axis to improve kidney transplantation prognosis: from mechanisms to clinical intervention strategies.Renal failure · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity as a Mechanistic Bridge Between Uremic Toxins, Atherosclerosis, and Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Lactobacillus and Tryptophan Supplementation Improve Renal Function and are Associated with Metabolomic Alterations in a Mouse Model of Chronic Kidney Disease.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Review
- Microbiome-derived metabolites shape CD4+ T cell differentiation and immune aging in HIV-1 infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Targeting Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Challenges and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Toxins · 2026Review
- Peripartum hypophosphatemia is associated with a hindgut-centered microbiota-metabolite-host axis in transition dairy cows.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Analysis of Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.Iranian journal of biotechnology · 2026Article
- Microparticles at the crossroads of the gut-kidney axis: Mechanistic drivers and therapeutic horizons in hemodialysis.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Impacts of Uremic Toxins on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Total Mycophenolic Acid and its Glucuronide Metabolite in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Observational
- Uremic toxin p‑cresyl sulfate enhances the calcification of aortic valvular interstitial cells via klotho/sirtuin‑1 signaling.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolomics analysis in murine prerenal azotemia reveals changes in energy substrates, amino acid metabolism, and uremic toxins.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Serum metabolomics identifies gut-derived uremic toxins and bile acid dysregulation associated with chronic kidney disease severity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
189 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
If chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an impairment of kidney function, several uremic solutes are retained. Some of these exert toxic effects, which are called uremic toxins.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.