ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2017
Frequency and determinants of thyroid autoimmunity in Ghanaian type 2 diabetes patients: a case-control study.
Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and associated factors among adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 2000-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- A Retrospective Analysis of the Changes in Prediabetes-Associated Markers of Thyroid Function in Patients from Durban, South Africa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association between thyroid autoimmunity and bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Exploring the bidirectional relationship between metabolic syndrome and thyroid autoimmunity: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Association of thyroid autoimmunity with extra-thyroid diseases and the risk of mortality among adults: evidence from the NHANES.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency and Thyroid Disease in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Article
- Significance of monitoring the levels of thyroid hormone antibodies and glucose and lipid metabolism antibodies in patients suffer from type 2 diabetes.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2023Article
- Glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes patients in sub-Saharan Africa from 2012 to 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
- Association Between Elevated Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody and Abdominal Fat Distribution in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Article
- Hormonal Regulation of the MHC Class I Gene in Thyroid Cells: Role of the Promoter "Tissue-Specific" Region.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Iodine nutrition status and its association with microvascular complications in urban dwellers with type 2 diabetes.Nutrition & metabolism · 2020Article
- Elevated TPOAb is a Strong Predictor of Autoimmune Development in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2020Article
- The Presence of Serum TgAb Suggests Lower Risks for Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorders in Euthyroid General Population From a National Survey.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Correlation between heat shock proteins, adiponectin, and T lymphocyte cytokine expression in type 2 diabetics.Cell stress & chaperones · 2018Article
- Low Vitamin D Deficiency Associated With Thyroid Disease Among Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2018Article
- High-normal serum thyrotropin levels and increased glycemic variability in type 2 diabetic patients.Endocrine · 2018Article
- Are Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Cardiometabolic Risks in a Population with Normal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone?Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- The Effect of Thyroid Dysfunction on the Cardiovascular Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Ghana.Journal of diabetes research · 2018Article
- Insulin Resistance: Any Role in the Changing Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Review
- Autoimmune Hashimoto's Disease and Feminization Level-TestingEvolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behaviorArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe link between type 1 diabetes and thyroid autoimmunity is well described. The same cannot be said for type 2 diabetes where results have been mixed so far. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of thyroid autoimmunity among Ghanaian type 2 diabetes patients.
methodsThis was a case-control study involving 302 type 2 diabetes patients and 310 non - diabetic controls aged 40-80 years. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Fasting samples were analyzed for glucose, thyroid function, and antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase.
resultsThe prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity was significantly higher among T2DM subjects (12.2% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.0004). Among T2DM subjects, 44 (14.7%) tested positive for TPOAb, 5 (1.7%) tested positive for TGAb and 15 (5.0%) tested positive for both autoantibodies. Females T2DM subjects showed a 3-fold increased risk of thyroid autoimmunity compared to males (OR:3.16, p =0.004), T2DM subjects with hyperthyroidism had a 41% increased risk of thyroid autoimmunity (OR: 1.41, p < 0.001), sub-clinical hyperthyroidism increased the risk of thyroid autoimmunity by 2 fold, (OR:2.19, p < 0.001), subclinical hypothyroidism increased the risk of autoimmunity by 4-fold, (OR:3.57 95% p < 0.0001), and hypothyroidism was associated with a 61% increased risk of thyroid autoimmunity (OR: 1.61,1.35-2.23). Dyslipidaemia was associated with a 44% increased risk of thyroid autoimmunity (OR: 1.44, p = 0.01) and a percentage increase in HbA1c was associated with 46% increased risk of thyroid autoimmunity (OR:1.46, p < 0.0001).
conclusionWe observed a high prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in Ghanaian T2DM subjects compared to the general population. Thyroid autoimmunity in T2DM subjects was significantly associated with female gender, thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidaemia and poor glycemic control.
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