ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
A Large Community Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease Associated With a Cooling Tower in New York City, 2015.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Detection of Acute Hepatitis C Outbreaks in California Using SaTScan: Statewide Spatiotemporal Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Draft genome sequences of 20Microbiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- A Hybrid Occupational Risk Assessment ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Remediation of novel sources linked to an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in a manufacturing facility.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2026Article
- Automated cooling tower detection through deep learning for Legionnaires' disease outbreak investigations: a model development and validation study.The Lancet. Digital health · 2024Article
- Prospective Spatiotemporal Cluster Detection Using SaTScan: Tutorial for Designing and Fine-Tuning a System to Detect Reportable Communicable Disease Outbreaks.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- A novel hybridization capture method for direct whole genome sequencing of clinical specimens to inform Legionnaires' disease investigations.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Inflammatory Patterns Associated withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A review ofFrontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Investigation of a cluster of Legionnaires' disease during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in northeastern Taiwan, June 2021.Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2022Article
- Overview of the Clinical and Molecular Features of Legionella Pneumophila: Focus on Novel Surveillance and Diagnostic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Emerging Pulmonary Infections in Clinical Practice.Advances in clinical radiology · 2021Review
- Improvements to the Success of Outbreak Investigations of Legionnaires' Disease: 40 Years of Testing and Investigation in New York State.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- A Legionnaires' Disease Cluster in a Private Building in Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Review
- Detecting COVID-19 Clusters at High Spatiotemporal Resolution, New York City, New York, USA, June-July 2020.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Multi-Scale Airborne Infectious Disease Transmission.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Review
- A Bioinformatic Pipeline for Improved Genome Analysis and Clustering of Isolates during Outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2021Article
- Effects of climate changes and road exposure on the rapidly rising legionellosis incidence rates in the United States.PloS one · 2021Article
- Perceived utility and feasibility of pathogen genomics for public health practice: a survey among public health professionals working in the field of infectious diseases, Belgium, 2019.BMC public health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesInfections caused by Legionella are the leading cause of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. We investigated a large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in New York City in summer 2015 to characterize patients, risk factors for mortality, and environmental exposures.
methodsWe defined cases as patients with pneumonia and laboratory evidence of Legionella infection from July 2 through August 3, 2015, and with a history of residing in or visiting 1 of several South Bronx neighborhoods of New York City. We describe the epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory investigation that identified the source of the outbreak.
resultsWe identified 138 patients with outbreak-related Legionnaires' disease, 16 of whom died. The median age of patients was 55. A total of 107 patients had a chronic health condition, including 43 with diabetes, 40 with alcoholism, and 24 with HIV infection. We tested 55 cooling towers for Legionella, and 2 had a strain indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis from 26 patient isolates. Whole-genome sequencing and epidemiologic evidence implicated 1 cooling tower as the source of the outbreak.
conclusionsA large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease caused by a cooling tower occurred in a medically vulnerable community. The outbreak prompted enactment of a new city law on the operation and maintenance of cooling towers. Ongoing surveillance and evaluation of cooling tower process controls will determine if the new law reduces the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in New York City.
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