ArticlePloS one2017
Structural Determinants of Health among Im/Migrants in the Indoor Sex Industry: Experiences of Workers and Managers/Owners in Metropolitan Vancouver.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Structural determinants of HIV/STI prevalence, HIV/STI/sexual and reproductive health access, and condom use among immigrant sex workers globally.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Depression and quality of life among Thai and migrant sex workers in Thailand: a cross-sectional study.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Use of clinic- and community-based overdose prevention services by sex workers who use drugs: findings from a community-based cohort in Vancouver, Canada (2017-2024).Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Acceptance and Commitment to Empowerment Intervention to Reduce HIV Stigma and Promote Community Resilience: Protocol for an Implementation Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Difficulty accessing contraceptives in a 2010-2022 prospective cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada: intersectional influence of im/migration status and racialization.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Article
- Social-structural barriers to primary care among sex workers: findings from a community-based cohort in Vancouver, Canada (2014-2021).BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Structural Barriers to Primary Care Among Sex Workers: Findings from a Community- Based Cohort in Vancouver, Canada (2014-2021).Research square · 2024Article
- IMPACTS OF SEX WORK CRIMINALIZATION AND CENSORSHIP FOR INDOOR WORKERS: EXPLORING HOW BARRIERS TO ONLINE ADVERTISING SHAPE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY.Sexuality research & social policy : journal of NSRC : SR & SP · 2024Article
- AN EVALUATION OF INDOOR SEX WORKERS' PSYCHOSOCIAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN METRO VANCOUVER, CANADA.Occupational health science · 2024Article
- HIV knowledge, self-perception of HIV risk, and sexual risk behaviors among male Tajik labor migrants who inject drugs in Moscow.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Gaps in health coverage for racialized im/migrant sex workers in metro Vancouver: Findings of a community-based cohort study (2014-2021).Journal of migration and health · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- A Confounding Discourse Analysis of Vietnamese Sex Workers' Talk in the City of Kaiyuan, China.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- Struggling, Forgotten, and Under Pressure: A Scoping Review of Experiences of Sex Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- An Evaluation of Indoor Sex Workers' Sexual Health Access in Metro Vancouver: Applying an Occupational Health & Safety Lens in the Context of Criminalization.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Protection or police harassment? Impacts of punitive policing, discrimination, and racial profiling under end-demand laws among im/migrant sex workers in Metro Vancouver.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlobally, im/migrant women are overrepresented in the sex industry and experience disproportionate health inequities. Despite evidence that the health impacts of migration may vary according to the timing and stage of migration (e.g., early arrival vs. long-term migration), limited evidence exists regarding social and structural determinants of health across different stages of migration, especially among im/migrants engaged in sex work. Our aim was to describe and analyze the evolving social and structural determinants of health and safety across the arrival and settlement process for im/migrants in the indoor sex industry.
methodsWe analyzed qualitative interviews conducted with 44 im/migrant sex workers and managers/owners working in indoor sex establishments (e.g., massage parlours, micro-brothels) in Metropolitan Vancouver, Canada in 2011; quantitative data from AESHA, a larger community-based cohort, were used to describe socio-demographic and social and structural characteristics of im/migrant sex workers.
resultsBased on quantitative data among 198 im/migrant workers in AESHA, 78.3% were Chinese-born, the median duration in Canada was 6 years, and most (86.4%) serviced clients in formal indoor establishments. Qualitative narratives revealed diverse pathways into sex work upon arrival to Canada, including language barriers to conventional labour markets and the higher pay and relative flexibility of sex work. Once engaged in sex work, fear associated with police raids (e.g., immigration concerns, sex work disclosure) and language barriers to sexual negotiation and health, social and legal supports posed pervasive challenges to health, safety and human rights during long-term settlement in Canada.
conclusionsFindings highlight the critical influences of criminalization, language barriers, and stigma and discrimination related to sex work and im/migrant status in shaping occupational health and safety for im/migrants engaged in sex work. Interventions and policy reforms that emphasize human rights and occupational health are needed to promote health and wellbeing across the arrival and settlement process.
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