ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2017
Effect of Pregnancy on Interferon Gamma Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Test Detection of Latent TB Infection Among HIV-Infected Women in a High Burden Setting.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Performance of QuantiFERON tests for detecting latent tuberculosis infections: A Meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific T-Cell Responses Are Impaired During Late Pregnancy With Elevated Biomarkers of Tuberculosis Risk Postpartum.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Effects of Pregnancy and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interferon Gamma Response Assays in Women With HIV.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Adjunct Diagnostic Accuracy of Antigen-specific Interleukin-2 for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Pregnancy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis preventive therapy in postpartum women with HIV modifiesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Tuberculosis and Drug-Resistant Subtypes Among Women of Childbearing Age from 1990 to 2021, with Projections to 2030.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Knowledge and Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Feasibility and Pilot Study in a Primary Healthcare Setting in Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Discordance of 3rd and 4th generation QuantiFERON-TB Gold assays by pregnancy stages in India.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with TB: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Peripartum Period on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Detection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- HIV/Tuberculosis Coinfection in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Determinants of QuantiFERON Plus-diagnosed tuberculosis infection in adult Ugandan TB contacts: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Diagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis: progress and challenges.EMBO molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific and Nonspecific Immune Responses in Women with Tuberculosis Infection during Pregnancy.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Diagnostic Value of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays for Tuberculosis in the Immunocompromised Population.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Interferon Gamma Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Test Performance in Pregnant Women Living With and Without HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- Exploring alternative cytokines as potential biomarkers for latent tuberculosis infection in pregnant women.PloS one · 2022Article
- Stages of pregnancy and HIV affect diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-induced immune response: Findings from PRACHITi, a cohort study in Pune, India.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- Longitudinal Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Interferon Gamma Responses in Ethiopian HIV-Negative Women during Pregnancy and Postpartum.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeripartum immunologic changes may affect latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) diagnostic performance among HIV-infected women.
methodsHIV-infected women were serially tested with tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay [QuantiFERON TB Gold In-tube (QFT)] in pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum in Kenya. Prevalence, sensitivity and agreement, and correlates of QFT/TST positivity were assessed. Quantitative QFT mitogen and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen (Mtb-Ag) responses were compared by peripartum stage. Incidence of test conversion at 6 weeks postpartum was evaluated in baseline TST-/QFT- women.
resultsAmong 100 HIV-infected women, median age was 26 years, median CD4 was 555 cells per cubic millimeter, and 88% were on antiretrovirals. More women were QFT+ than TST+ in both pregnancy (35.4% vs. 13.5%, P = 0.001) and postpartum (29.6% vs. 14.8%, P < 0.001). Among 18 consistently QFT+ women, 8 (44%) converted from TST- to TST+, with improved test agreement postpartum (56.9%, κ = 0.20 to 82.4%, κ = 0.60). Three initially QFT-/TST- women had test conversion (TST+ and/or QFT+), suggesting new infection (incidence 13.4/100 person-years). Mean QFT mitogen (4.46 vs. 7.64 IU/mL, P < 0.001) and Mtb-Ag (1.03 vs. 1.54 IU/mL, P = 0.03) responses were lower among all women retested in pregnancy vs. postpartum, and specifically among persistently QFT+ women (Mtb-Ag: 3.46 vs. 4.48 IU/mL, P = 0.007). QFT indeterminate rate was higher in pregnancy (16%) compared with postpartum (0%) because of lower mitogen response.
conclusionsQFT identified >2-fold more women with LTBI compared with TST in pregnancy and postpartum. Lower QFT Mtb-Ag and mitogen responses in pregnancy compared with postpartum suggest that pregnancy-associated immunologic changes may influence LTBI test performance.
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