ArticleScientific reports2017
Candida albicans stimulates Streptococcus mutans microcolony development via cross-kingdom biofilm-derived metabolites.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05761197 (Association Between Early Candida Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 142 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Association Between Early Candida Infection (Oral Thrush) and Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC)
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 231 citations in OpenAlex.
- Candida albicans and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Caries research · 2018Pooled it
- Bacterial-fungal interactions: connections and consequences.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- TargetingACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- GcrR in Streptococcus mutans Inhibits the Morphological Transition of Candida albicans Through Ras1-cAMP/PKA Pathway in the Cross-Kingdom Biofilms.Molecular oral microbiology · 2026Article
- HApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Microbiome in adult severe caries and cross-kingdom biofilms validation.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Formation of Streptococcus mutans Polymicrobial Biofilms in the Presence of Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida albicans.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Ecological Role of Streptococcus toyakuensis in Saliva of Healthy Young Individuals.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Artemisinins inhibited the synergistic cariogenic effect betweenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Capsaicin inhibits cariogenicJournal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Integrated salivary microbiome and metabolome profiling reveals ecological and functional alterations in severe early childhood caries.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Smart biomaterials in restorative dentistry: Recent advances and future perspectives.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Mechanism ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Evaluating microbial regulation as a preventive strategy for radiation-related caries: A review.Head & face medicine · 2025Review
- Trajectory and trends in molecular regulation ofFuture microbiology · 2025Article
- Dual-responsive copper complex delivered by dissolvable microneedle promotes polymicrobial infection eradication and cutaneous wound healing.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Effect ofJournal of dental research · 2025Article
- In vitro evaluation of tolerance ability of cross-kingdom biofilm towards oral dynamic fluctuations.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Review
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Candida albicans is frequently detected with heavy infection of Streptococcus mutans in plaque-biofilms from children affected with early-childhood caries, a prevalent and costly oral disease. The presence of C. albicans enhances S. mutans growth within biofilms, yet the chemical interactions associated with bacterial accumulation remain unclear. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate how microbial products from this cross-kingdom association modulate S. mutans build-up in biofilms. Our data revealed that bacterial-fungal derived conditioned medium (BF-CM) significantly increased the growth of S. mutans and altered biofilm 3D-architecture in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in enlarged and densely packed bacterial cell-clusters (microcolonies). Intriguingly, BF-CM induced S. mutans gtfBC expression (responsible for Gtf exoenzymes production), enhancing Gtf activity essential for microcolony development. Using a recently developed nanoculture system, the data demonstrated simultaneous microcolony growth and gtfB activation in situ by BF-CM. Further metabolites/chromatographic analyses of BF-CM revealed elevated amounts of formate and the presence of Candida-derived farnesol, which is commonly known to exhibit antibacterial activity. Unexpectedly, at the levels detected (25-50 μM), farnesol enhanced S. mutans-biofilm cell growth, microcolony development, and Gtf activity akin to BF-CM bioactivity. Altogether, the data provide new insights on how extracellular microbial products from cross-kingdom interactions stimulate the accumulation of a bacterial pathogen within biofilms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.