ReviewImmunological reviews2017
Germline-targeting immunogens.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Priming of Multiple HIV Neutralizing B Cell Precursors in Humans.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Diverse germline-targeting HIV Env immunogens select for distinct mutations in the same knock-in mice B cell receptors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Deep mining of the human antibody repertoire identifies frequent and genetically diverse CDRH3 topologies targetable by vaccination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Germline-targeting HIV immunogen induces cross-neutralizing antibodies in outbred macaques.Immunity · 2026Article
- Early clonal dominance at priming sets the trajectory for broad HIV serum neutralization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Heterologous immunization modulates B-cell epitope competition between helper peptides and the MPER segment in MPER/liposome vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Accelerating Innovation: Advancing Opportunities in HIV Vaccine Development.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- The RV144 Trial Might Still Yield Useful Information.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Integration of Preclinical and Clinical Vaccine Safety and Immunogenicity Testing for Development of a Pediatric HIV Vaccine to Achieve Protective HIV Immunity Prior to Adolescence.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Germline-Targeting Strategies to Induce bNAbs against HIV-1.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies elicited by infection with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus reveal critical sites of vulnerability on gH/gL.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein: structure, function and interactions with neutralizing antibodies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Structure-guided design of native-like HIV Env Single Chain Trimers for enhanced stability, immunogenicity, and versatile vaccine delivery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Germline-targeting HIV immunogen induces cross-neutralizing antibodies in outbred macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Simultaneous priming of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors to multiple epitopes by germline-targeting mRNA-LNP immunogens in mouse models.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Design and characterization of HIV-1 vaccine candidates to elicit antibodies targeting multiple epitopes.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- GMP Manufacturing and Characterization of the HIV Booster Immunogen HxB2.WT.Core-C4b for Germline Targeting Vaccine Strategies.Vaccines · 2025Article
- HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors to the Apex epitope induced in nonhuman primates.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Structural insights into VRC01-class bnAb precursors with diverse light chains elicited in the IAVI G001 human vaccine trial.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Priming VRC01-precursor B cells with non-envelope immunogens disfavors boosting with HIV-1 envelope.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 2009, Dimitrov's group reported that the inferred germline (iGL) forms of several HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) did not display measurable binding to a recombinant gp140 Env protein (derived from the dual-tropic 89.6 virus), which was efficiently recognized by the mature (somatically mutated) antibodies. At that time, a small number of bNAbs were available, but in the following years, the implementation of high-throughput B-cell isolation and sequencing assays and of screening methodologies facilitated the isolation of greater numbers of bNAbs from infected subjects. Using these newest bNAbs, and a wide range of diverse recombinant Envs, we and others confirmed the observations made by Dimitrov's group. The results from these studies created a paradigm shift in our collective thinking as to why recombinant Envs are ineffective in eliciting bNAbs and has led to the "germline-targeting" immunization approach. Here we discuss this approach in detail: what has been done so far, the advantages and limitations of the current germline-targeting immunogens and of the animal models used to test them, and we conclude with a few thoughts about future directions in this area of research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.