SynthesisActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)2017
Insufficient evidence for 'shaken baby syndrome' - a systematic review.
Synthesis in Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04568538 (The Effect of a Shaken Baby Syndrome Prevention Program on Turkish Mothers' Awareness and Knowledge), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of a Shaken Baby Syndrome Prevention Program on Turkish Mothers' Awareness and Knowledge: A Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Response to Comment on 26 cm Fall Caught on Video Causing Subdural Hemorrhages and Extensive Retinal Hemorrhages in an 8-Month-Old Infant.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Biased and Biasing: The Hidden Bias Cascade and Bias Snowball Effects.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Addressing the oversight medical cases in low-middle-income countries: poor mention of shaken baby syndrome in Nigeria; reasons, challenges, and recommendations.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Review
- Characteristics and associations of ocular and non-ocular manifestations of shaken baby syndrome.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- New Insights into the Diagnosis and Age Determination of Retinal Hemorrhages from Abusive Head Trauma: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Animal models of pediatric abusive head trauma.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Review
- An analysis of physicians' diagnostic reasoning regarding pediatric abusive head trauma.Child abuse & neglect · 2022Article
- Answer to Lynøe: Interesting data about confessions and abusive head trauma, but suboptimal analysis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Article
- Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children in Japan.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2022Article
- Chronic subdural hemorrhage predisposes to development of cerebral venous thrombosis and associated retinal hemorrhages and subdural rebleeds in infants.The neuroradiology journal · 2022Article
- Article
- The legal challenges to the diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome or how to counter 12 common fake news.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Review
- Confessed versus denied inflicted head injuries in infants: similarities and differences.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Article
- Response to Colombari et al. (2021).International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Thrombosis is not a marker of bridging vein rupture in infants with alleged abusive head trauma.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2021Review
- Spinal cord injury as an indicator of abuse in forensic assessment of abusive head trauma (AHT).International journal of legal medicine · 2021Review
- Clinical evaluation and management of children with suspected physical abuse.Pediatric radiology · 2021Review
- Neuroendoscopic Approach of a Massive Bilateral Chronic Subdural Hematoma in a Child Using a Single Burr Hole.Cureus · 2021Article
- Can Burnout Among Child Abuse Clinicians be Caused by Doubt that They are Doing the Right Thing?The Permanente journal · 2020Article
- Response to the Letter to Editor: "Do Inter-Country Differences in the Frequency of Abusive Head Trauma Reflect Different Proportions of Overdiagnosis of Abuse or True Differences in Abuse?"Journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shaken baby syndrome has typically been associated with findings of subdural haematoma, retinal haemorrhages and encephalopathy, which are referred to as the triad. During the last decade, however, the certainty with which the triad can indicate that an infant has been violently shaken has been increasingly questioned. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the triad in detecting that an infant had been shaken. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to October 15, 2015. Relevant publications were assessed for the risk of bias using the QUADAS tool and were classified as having a low, moderate or high risk of bias according to predefined criteria. The reference standards were confessions or witnessed cases of shaking or accidents. The search generated 3773 abstracts, 1064 were assessed as possibly relevant and read as full texts, and 30 studies were ultimately included. Of these, 28 were assessed as having a high risk of bias, which was associated with methodological shortcomings as well as circular reasoning when classifying shaken baby cases and controls. The two studies with a moderate risk of bias used confessions and convictions when classifying shaken baby cases, but their different designs made a meta-analysis impossible. None of the studies had a low risk of bias.
conclusionThe systematic review indicates that there is insufficient scientific evidence on which to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the triad in identifying traumatic shaking (very low-quality evidence). It was also demonstrated that there is limited scientific evidence that the triad and therefore its components can be associated with traumatic shaking (low-quality evidence).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.