Observational studyJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2017
Local Residential Segregation Matters: Stronger Association of Census Tract Compared to Conventional City-Level Measures with Fatal and Non-Fatal Assaults (Total and Firearm Related), Using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for Racial, Economic, and Racialized Economic Segregation, Massachusetts (US), 1995-2010.
Observational study in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
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Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed.
- LocaliType: Development of locality-based social determinants of health archetypes using census tract data from the UCSF Health Atlas.Wellbeing, space and society · 2026Article
- Racialized Economic Segregation and Disparities in the Risk of Stillbirth.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- A Multidimensional Approach to Measure Structural Racism and Its Association with Fatal and Nonfatal Community Firearm Violence at the Census Tract Level in New York City.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Associations of neighborhood racial and ethnic, economical, and educational segregation with breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic ohort Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Racism and racial disparities in firearm violence: A scoping review.American journal of community psychology · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Residential Racial and Economic Segregation and Main Causes of Death in US Counties.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Community Safety Needs and Resources and Their Alignment: A Case Study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding the Influence of Income Inequality and Violent Crime on Police Fatal Shootings in U.S. Counties: 2015-2022.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Neighborhood privilege and environmental conditions in urban parks: an analysis across the 24 most populated urban areas in the United States.Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2026Article
- How segregation, low birth weight, unemployment, and violence link to low life expectancy in Chicago.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Spatial Social Polarization and Cardiometabolic Disease Prevalence and Incidence: What Is the Role of the Neighborhood Environment?Journal of health and social behavior · 2026Article
- Getting at the Root: Structural Racism, Policing, and Youth Firearm Homicide.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Racialized economic segregation in relation to fecundability in a preconception cohort study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Connecting Past to Present: Does Historical Redlining Affect Current Life Expectancy?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Tracking COVID-19 vaccination barriers over time: a census-tract-level barrier index approach.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- A transdisciplinary systems-level approach to maternal health: Developing a Research Center of Excellence.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Zoning Policies, Racialized Economic Segregation and Life Expectancy Across Census Tracts in Chicago, 2010-2015.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- A Standard Measure of Structural Racism, Do We Have One? Can We Have One? A Narrative Review of Commonly Used Measures and Domains of Use.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- Measures of Structural Racism and Black-White Disparity in Stillbirth Rates in New York City, 2009-2018: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Intersectionality and the Association Between State-Level Structural Racism, Binge Alcohol Consumption, and Smoking Status Among Black Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Research on residential segregation and health, primarily conducted in the USA, has chiefly employed city or regional measures of racial segregation. To test our hypothesis that stronger associations would be observed using local measures, especially for racialized economic segregation, we analyzed risk of fatal and non-fatal assault in Massachusetts (1995-2010), since this outcome is strongly associated with residential segregation. The segregation metrics comprised the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), the Index of Dissimilarity, and poverty rate, with measures computed at both the census tract and city/town level. Key results were that larger associations between fatal and non-fatal assaults and residential segregation occurred for models using the census tract vs. city/town measures, with the greatest associations observed for racialized economic segregation. For fatal assaults, comparing the bottom vs. top quintiles, the incidence rate ratio (and 95% confidence interval (CI)) in models using the census tract measures equaled 3.96 (95% CI 3.10, 5.06) for the ICE for racialized economic segregation, 3.26 (95% CI 2.58, 4.14) for the ICE for income, 3.14 (95% CI 2.47, 3.99) for poverty, 2.90 (95% CI 2.21, 3.81) for the ICE for race/ethnicity, and only 0.93 (95% CI 0.79, 1.11) for the Index of Dissimilarity; in models that included both census tract and city/town ICE measures, this risk ratio for the ICE for racialized economic segregation was higher at the census tract (3.29; 95% CI 2.43, 4.46) vs. city/town level (1.61; 95% CI 1.12, 2.32). These results suggest that, at least in the case of fatal and non-fatal assaults, research on residential segregation should employ local measures, including of racialized economic segregation, to avoid underestimating the adverse impact of segregation on health.
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