Commentary: Causal inference in epidemiology: potential outcomes, pluralism and peer review.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

1. Interpreting the Estimand Framework From a Causal Inference Perspective.JMIRx med · 2026
   Article
2. Epidemiological Principles in Claims of Causality: An Enquiry into Repetitive Head Impacts (RHI) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025
   Review
3. Causal Pluralism in Medicine and its Implications for Clinical Practice.Journal for general philosophy of science = Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie · 2024
   Article
4. Complex systems models for causal inference in social epidemiology.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2021
   Article
5. Epidemiology at a time for unity.International journal of epidemiology · 2018
   Article
6. On wagging tales about causal inference.International journal of epidemiology · 2017
   Article
7. Response: Formalism or pluralism? A reply to commentaries on 'Causality and causal inference in epidemiology'.International journal of epidemiology · 2016
   Article

Corrections and comments

• Commented on by
  Response: FACEing reality: productive tensions between our epidemiological questions, methods and mission.2016
• Commented on by
  Response: Formalism or pluralism? A reply to commentaries on 'Causality and causal inference in epidemiology'.2016
• Comment on
  Causality and causal inference in epidemiology: the need for a pluralistic approach.2016
• Comment on
  The tale wagged by the DAG: broadening the scope of causal inference and explanation for epidemiology.2016

Authors and funding

1 author.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

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