ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2017
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Non-B Subtypes After Prolonged Virological Failure on NNRTI-Based First-Line Regimens in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regional Variations of Rates and Determinants of Drug Resistance Mutations in People Failing First-line Therapy for HIV-1: A Substudy from the D2EFT Phase 3b/4 Clinical Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Lopinavir plus nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, lopinavir plus raltegravir, or lopinavir monotherapy for second-line treatment of HIV (EARNEST): 144-week follow-up results from a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Etravirine Prevents West Nile Virus and Chikungunya Virus Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo by Inhibiting Viral Replication.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Genotypic resistance testing improves antiretroviral treatment outcomes in a cohort of adolescents in Cameroon: Implications in the dolutegravir-era.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Pre-Treatment Integrase Inhibitor Resistance and Natural Polymorphisms among HIV-1 Subtype C Infected Patients in Ethiopia.Viruses · 2022Article
- Deep sequencing of HIV-1 reveals extensive subtype variation and drug resistance after failure of first-line antiretroviral regimens in Nigeria.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Long-Acting Rilpivirine (RPV) Preexposure Prophylaxis Does Not Inhibit Vaginal Transmission of RPV-Resistant HIV-1 or Select for High-Frequency Drug Resistance in Humanized Mice.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Comparison of HIV drug resistance profiles across HIV-1 subtypes A and D for patients receiving a tenofovir-based and zidovudine-based first line regimens in Uganda.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- Article
- Evolution of HIV-1 drug resistance after virological failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia.Antiviral therapy · 2019Article
- Drug resistance outcomes of long-term ART with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in the absence of virological monitoring.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Antiretroviral potency of 4'-ethnyl-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, tenofovir alafenamide and second-generation NNRTIs across diverse HIV-1 subtypes.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.AIDS research and therapy · 2018Article
- HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Receiving Early vs. Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy: HPTN 052.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- HIV-genetic diversity and drug resistance transmission clusters in Gondar, Northern Ethiopia, 2003-2013.PloS one · 2018Article
- Genotypic and Phylogenetic Insights on Prevention of the Spread of HIV-1 and Drug Resistance in "Real-World" Settings.Viruses · 2017Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance Mutations Update.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Expansion of Viral Load Testing and the Potential Impact on HIV Drug Resistance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- A Case Report of Multiclass HIV Drug-Resistance After an Inappropriate Switch of ARVs with Persistent Unsuppressed Viral Load.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine drug resistance mutation (DRM) patterns in a large cohort of patients failing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens in programs without routine viral load (VL) monitoring and to examine intersubtype differences in DRMs.
designSequences from 787 adults/adolescents who failed an NNRTI-based first-line regimen in 13 clinics in Uganda, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Malawi were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between specific DRMs and Stanford intermediate-/high-level resistance and factors including REGA subtype, first-line antiretroviral therapy drugs, CD4, and VL at failure.
resultsThe median first-line treatment duration was 4 years (interquartile range 30-43 months); 42% of participants had VL ≥100,000 copies/mL and 63% participants had CD4 <100 cells/mm. Viral subtype distribution was A1 (40%; Uganda and Kenya), C (31%; Zimbabwe and Malawi), and D (25%; Uganda and Kenya), and recombinant/unclassified (5%). In general, DRMs were more common in subtype-C than in subtype-A and/or subtype-D (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations K65R and Q151M; NNRTI mutations E138A, V106M, Y181C, K101E, and H221Y). The presence of tenofovir resistance was similar between subtypes [P (adjusted) = 0.32], but resistance to zidovudine, abacavir, etravirine, or rilpivirine was more common in subtype-C than in subtype-D/subtype-A [P (adjusted) < 0.02].
conclusionsNon-B subtypes differ in DRMs at first-line failure, which impacts on residual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and NNRTI susceptibility. In particular, higher rates of etravirine and rilpivirine resistance in subtype-C may limit their potential utility in salvage regimens.
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