ArticleScientific reports2017
Galectin-3 released in response to traumatic brain injury acts as an alarmin orchestrating brain immune response and promoting neurodegeneration.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive value of Galectin-3 in cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Galectin-Levels Are Elevated in Infants Born Preterm Due to Amniotic Infection and Rapidly Decline in the Neonatal Period.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Neurotrophins and Galectin-3: Hidden Keys in Neuroinflammation-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cytokines and related signaling pathways in traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- HMC3 revealed: how much do these "Microglia" really tell us?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Effects of Troxerutin on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Galectin- 3 Expression in Intracerebroventricular Kainic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity.Inflammation · 2025Article
- A Semi-Automated and Unbiased Microglia Morphology Analysis Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sweet Aging: Glycocalyx and Galectins in CNS Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A correlational study of plasma galectin-3 as a potential predictive marker of postoperative delirium in patients with acute aortic dissection.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Dopaminergic neurons lacking Caspase-3 avoid apoptosis but undergo necrosis after MPTP treatment inducing a Galectin-3-dependent selective microglial phagocytic response.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Galectins induced from hemocytes bridge phosphatidylserine and N-glycosylated Drpr/CED-1 receptor during dendrite pruning.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Reactive gliosis in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Temporal profile of cerebrospinal fluid galactin-3 and associated cytokine responses after severe traumatic brain injury in patients: a retrospective study.Future healthcare journal · 2023Article
- The Role of Galectin-3 in Retinal Degeneration and Other Ocular Diseases: A Potential Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics identify a macrophage population associated with skeletal muscle fibrosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Fornix degeneration in risk factors of Alzheimer's disease, possible trigger of cognitive decline.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2023Review
- Microglia dynamics in aging-related neurobehavioral and neuroinflammatory diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Genetic targeting or pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 dampens microglia reactivity and delays retinal degeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Phagocytic microglia and macrophages in brain injury and repair.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently a major cause of morbidity and poor quality of life in Western society, with an estimate of 2.5 million people affected per year in Europe, indicating the need for advances in TBI treatment. Within the first 24 h after TBI, several inflammatory response factors become upregulated, including the lectin galectin-3. In this study, using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of head injury, we show a large increase in the expression of galectin-3 in microglia and also an increase in the released form of galectin-3 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 24 h after head injury. We report that galectin-3 can bind to TLR-4, and that administration of a neutralizing antibody against galectin-3 decreases the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and NOS2 and promotes neuroprotection in the cortical and hippocampal cell populations after head injury. Long-term analysis demonstrated a significant neuroprotection in the cortical region in the galectin-3 knockout animals in response to TBI. These results suggest that following head trauma, released galectin-3 may act as an alarmin, binding, among other proteins, to TLR-4 and promoting inflammation and neuronal loss. Taking all together, galectin-3 emerges as a clinically relevant target for TBI therapy.
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Registered trials
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