ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2017
Prophylactic Ketamine Attenuates Learned Fear.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03088384 (The Effect of Therapeutic Ketamine Infusions on the Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Combat Veterans), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Therapeutic Ketamine Infusions on the Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Combat Veterans
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of ketamine on fear memory extinction: a review of preclinical literature.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Ketamine for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Ayahuasca Impairs Fear Memory Reconsolidation and Promotes Rapid Structural Plasticity in the Hippocampus and Prelimbic Cortex.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Bifunctional Modulation of NMDA and Opioid Receptors in Ketamine Reinforcement and Misuse: Implications for Substance Use Disorder Treatment.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- The impact of ketamine on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in trauma-exposed populations: a narrative review.Journal of trauma and injury · 2026Article
- Ketamine in clinical practice: transitioning from anesthetic agent to psychiatric therapeutic.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Enduring modulation of dorsal raphe nuclei regulates (R,S)-ketamine-mediated resilient stress-coping behavior.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Ketamine differentially affects implicit and explicit memory processes in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Prophylactic (R,S)-Ketamine and (2S,6S)-Hydroxynorketamine Decrease Fear Expression by Differentially Modulating Fear Neural Ensembles.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- GluN2B on Adult-Born Granule Cells Modulates (R,S)-Ketamine's Rapid-Acting Effects in Mice.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Ketamine's Amelioration of Fear Extinction in Adolescent Male Mice Is Associated with the Activation of the Hippocampal Akt-mTOR-GluA1 Pathway.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Line- and sex-dependent effects of juvenile stress on contextual fear- and anxiety-related behavior in high- and low-alcohol-preferring mouse lines.Behavioural brain research · 2024Article
- Ketamine produces no detectable long-term positive or negative effects on cognitive flexibility or reinforcement learning of male rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- TargetingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Fear Generalization in Mice Involves Hippocampal Memory Trace Dysfunction and Is Alleviated by (R,S)-Ketamine.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Transcriptional signatures of early-life stress and antidepressant treatment efficacy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- A single dose of ketamine enhances early life stress-induced aggression with no effect on fear memory, anxiety-like behavior, or depression-like behavior in mice.Behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Ketamine for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: State of the Field.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2023Review
- Inflammation, stress and depression: An exploration of ketamine's therapeutic profile.Drug discovery today · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ketamine has been reported to be an efficacious antidepressant for major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Most recently, ketamine has also been shown to be prophylactic against stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. It remains unknown, however, when ketamine should be administered relative to a stressor in order to maximize its antidepressant and/or prophylactic effects. Moreover, it is unknown whether ketamine can be prophylactic against subsequent stressors. We systematically administered ketamine at different time points relative to a fear experience, in order to determine when ketamine is most effective at reducing fear expression or preventing fear reactivation. Using a contextual fear conditioning (CFC) paradigm, mice were administered a single dose of saline or ketamine (30 mg/kg) at varying time points before or after CFC. Mice administered prophylactic ketamine 1 week, but not 1 month or 1 h before CFC, exhibited reduced freezing behavior when compared with mice administered saline. In contrast, ketamine administration following CFC or during extinction did not alter subsequent fear expression. However, ketamine administered before reinstatement increased the number of rearing bouts in an open field, possibly suggesting an increase in attentiveness. These data indicate that ketamine can buffer a fear response when given a week before as prophylactic, but not when given immediately before or after a stress-inducing episode. Thus, ketamine may be most useful in the clinic if administered in a prophylactic manner 1 week before a stressor, in order to protect against heightened fear responses to aversive stimuli.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.