ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2017
Prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture disrupts reproduction in F1 female mice.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the reproductive effects of micro- pollutants in humans and animals.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Can Mammalian Reproductive Health Withstand Massive Exposure to Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastic Derivatives? A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroendocrine Disruption of Reproduction by Bisphenols and Phthalates: From Molecular Mechanisms to Reproductive Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Associations of endocrine disrupting chemicals with anogenital distance across infancy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
- Ovarian toxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Environmental estrogens and animal reproductive health: mechanisms, biomarkers, and intervention approaches.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Exploratory assessment of preconception phthalate exposure on pregnancy and offspring health outcomes in mice.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Living in a chemical cocktail: real-world mixture exposures and their impact on ovarian function.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Prenatal Dietary Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Its Lasting Impact on Offspring Health.Toxics · 2025Review
- Neonatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture alters ovarian function in mice.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- Bayesian benchmark dose modeling analysis and derivation of points of departure for female reproductive toxicity following exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) - effects on reproductive hormones, folliculogenesis and estrous cyclicity.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Phthalate Exposure During Pregnancy and Lactation Transgenerationally Impairs the Epididymis in the Offspring of Rats.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture alters oxidative stress, apoptosis, cell cycle regulators, and steroidogenic factors in the ovaries of F1 mice.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Phthalates disrupt female reproductive health: a call for enhanced investigation into mixtures.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Di-n-butyl and di-iso-pentyl phthalates and their mixture increase oxidative stress and embryo-larval malformations in zebrafish (Danio rerio).Genetics and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture alters serum cytokine levels and inflammatory markers in the F1 mouse ovary.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Elucidating the mechanisms and mitigation strategies for six-phthalate-induced toxicity in male germ cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Dietary exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture alters follicle dynamics, hormone levels, ovarian gene expression, and pituitary gene expression in female mice.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Exposure to a phthalate mixture disrupts ovulatory progesterone receptor signaling in human granulosa cells in vitro†.Biology of reproduction · 2023Article
- Chronic exposure to a mixture of phthalates shifts the white and brown adipose tissue phenotypes in female mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phthalates are used in a large variety of products, such as building materials, medical devices, and personal care products. Most previous studies on the toxicity of phthalates have focused on single phthalates, but it is also important to study the effects of phthalate mixtures because humans are exposed to phthalate mixtures. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture adversely affects female reproduction in mice. To test this hypothesis, pregnant CD-1 dams were orally dosed with vehicle (tocopherol-stripped corn oil) or a phthalate mixture (20 and 200μg/kg/day, 200 and 500mg/kg/day) daily from gestational day 10 to birth. The mixture was based on the composition of phthalates detected in urine samples from pregnant women in Illinois. The mixture included 35% diethyl phthalate, 21% di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 15% dibutyl phthalate, 15% diisononyl phthalate, 8% diisobutyl phthalate, and 5% benzylbutyl phthalate. Female mice born to the exposed dams were subjected to tissue collections and fertility tests at different ages. Our results indicate that prenatal exposure to the phthalate mixture significantly increased uterine weight and decreased anogenital distance on postnatal days 8 and 60, induced cystic ovaries at 13months, disrupted estrous cyclicity, reduced fertility-related indices, and caused some breeding complications at 3, 6, and 9months of age. Collectively, our data suggest that prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture disrupts aspects of female reproduction in mice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.