ArticlePLoS computational biology2017
The Potential Role of Direct and Indirect Contacts on Infection Spread in Dairy Farm Networks.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seroprevalence of viral pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex and biosecurity-related risk factors in cattle farms in Türkiye.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Are Visitor and Personnel Downtime Restrictions an Effective Biosecurity Measure to Prevent the Indirect Transmission of Pathogens to Livestock?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- The Results After One Year of an Experimental Protocol Aimed at Reducing Paratuberculosis in an Intensive Dairy Herd.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Evolution of the Swiss pork production systems and logistics: the impact on infectious disease resilience.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Animal movement estimation and network-based epidemic modeling: Illustration for the swine industry in Iowa (US).PloS one · 2025Article
- Identifying effective surveillance measures for swine pathogens using contact networks and mathematical modeling.PloS one · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health.Open veterinary journal · 2024Review
- Direct and indirect pathways for the spread of African swine fever and other porcine infectious diseases: An application of the mental models approach.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Modelling transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis between Irish dairy cattle herds.Veterinary research · 2022Article
- Asymmetric host movement reshapes local disease dynamics in metapopulations.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Multiple species animal movements: network properties, disease dynamics and the impact of targeted control actions.Veterinary research · 2022Article
- Integrating diverse data sources to predict disease risk in dairy cattle-a machine learning approach.Journal of animal science · 2021Article
- Review: Application and Prospective Discussion of Machine Learning for the Management of Dairy Farms.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Review
- Illustration of Different Disease Transmission Routes in a Pig Trade Network by Monopartite and Bipartite Representation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Perception of farmers about endometritis prevention and control measures for zero-grazed dairy cows on smallholder farms in Rwanda.BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
- Pig trade networks through live pig markets in Guangdong Province, China.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2020Article
- Multilayer and Multiplex Networks: An Introduction to Their Use in Veterinary Epidemiology.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Review
- Impact of truck contamination and information sharing on foot-and-mouth disease spreading in beef cattle production systems.PloS one · 2020Article
- Analysing livestock network data for infectious disease control: an argument for routine data collection in emerging economies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Contact chains of cattle farms in Great Britain.Royal Society open science · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Animals' exchanges are considered the most effective route of between-farm infectious disease transmission. However, despite being often overlooked, the infection spread due to contaminated equipment, vehicles, or personnel proved to be important for several livestock epidemics. This study investigated the role of indirect contacts in a potential infection spread in the dairy farm network of the Province of Parma (Northern Italy). We built between-farm contact networks using data on cattle exchange (direct contacts), and on-farm visits by veterinarians (indirect contacts). We compared the features of the contact structures by using measures on static and temporal networks. We assessed the disease spreading potential of the direct and indirect network structures in the farm system by using data on the infection state of farms by paratuberculosis. Direct and indirect networks showed non-trivial differences with respect to connectivity, contact distribution, and super-spreaders identification. Furthermore, our analyses on paratuberculosis data suggested that the contributions of direct and indirect contacts on diseases spread are apparent at different spatial scales. Our results highlighted the potential role of indirect contacts in between-farm disease spread and underlined the need for a deeper understanding of these contacts to develop better strategies for prevention of livestock epidemics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.