ArticleMolecular metabolism2017
Circulating FGF21 in humans is potently induced by short term overfeeding of carbohydrates.
Article in Molecular metabolism, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Close association between lifestyle and circulating FGF21 levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of a two-week modified ketogenic diet on circulating lipoprotein subclasses, GDF15, and FGF21 in obese adults.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Glucose and lipopolysaccharide differentially regulate fibroblast growth factor 21 in healthy male human volunteers - A prospective cross-over trial.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Trial
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- The use of FGF21 analogues in MASH and MASH cirrhosis - metabolic master regulators or liver-specific mechanisms?JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Review
- Fibroblast growth factor 21-inducing rare sugars prevent diet-induced obesity in male BL/6 mice.Endocrine journal · 2026Article
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Translation in Metabolic Dysfunction.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- The role of FGF21 in the metabolic adjustments required for exercise capacity.Life sciences · 2025Review
- ADAM10-mediated β-klotho degradation: a key to FGF21 resistance in senescent vascular endothelial cells.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Distinct Fgf21 Expression Patterns in Various Tissues in Response to Different Dietary Regimens Using a Reporter Mouse Model.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Assessment of skeletal muscle alterations and circulating myokines in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A cross-sectional study.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- UPRmt-regulated mitokines: novel strategies for myocardial injury repair.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Research progress on the role of FGF21 in insulin resistance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive changes in food intake and macronutrient preference in response to protein restriction.Neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Evaluating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Levels Post-Gastric Sleeve Surgery in Obese Patients.Cureus · 2024Article
- Fibroblast growth factor 21: An emerging pleiotropic regulator of lipid metabolism and the metabolic network.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- Effect of a 6-Week Carbohydrate-Reduced High-Protein Diet on Levels of FGF21 and GDF15 in People With Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Protection against overfeeding-induced weight gain is preserved in obesity but does not require FGF21 or MC4R.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Exploring endocrine FGFs - structures, functions and biomedical applications.International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology · 2024Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveFibroblast-growth factor 21 (FGF21) is thought to be important in metabolic regulation. Recently, low protein diets have been shown to increase circulating FGF21 levels. However, when energy contribution from dietary protein is lowered, other macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, must be increased to meet eucaloric balance. This raises the possibility that intake of a diet rich in carbohydrates may induce an increase in plasma FGF21 levels per se. Here we studied the role of dietary carbohydrates on the levels of circulating FGF21 and concomitant physiologic effects by feeding healthy men a carbohydrate rich diet without reducing protein intake.
methodsA diet enriched in carbohydrates (80 E% carbohydrate; CHO) and a eucaloric control diet (CON) were provided to nine healthy men for three days. The energy intake during the CHO diet was increased (+75% energy) to ensure similar dietary protein intake in CHO and CON. To control for the effect of caloric surplus, we similarly overfed (+75% energy) the same subjects for three days with a fat-rich diet (78 E% fat; FAT), consisting of primarily unsaturated fatty acids. The three diets were provided in random order.
resultsAfter CHO, plasma FGF21 concentration increased 8-fold compared to CON (329 ± 99 vs. 39 ± 9 pg ml
conclusionExcess dietary carbohydrate, but not fat, led to markedly increased FGF21 secretion in humans, notably without protein restriction, and affected glucose and lipid homeostais.
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