ArticleOncoimmunology
Cytokine profiling of tumor interstitial fluid of the breast and its relationship with lymphocyte infiltration and clinicopathological characteristics.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-throughput proteomics of breast cancer interstitial fluid: identification of tumor subtype-specific serologically relevant biomarkers.Molecular oncology · 2021Trial
- IL1 Receptor Antagonist Controls Transcriptional Signature of Inflammation in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.Cancer research · 2018Trial
- Recent advances in interstitial fluid dynamics for diagnostic, targeted drug delivery and precision medicine applications.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Experimental Validation of miR-4443, miR-572, and miR-150-5p in Serum and Tissue of Breast Cancer Patients as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker: A Study Based on Bioinformatics Prediction.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of zinc finger protein 367 as a potential pan-cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and underlying biological mechanisms.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- TREK- 1 Ameliorates Secondary Brain Injury by Regulating Inflammatory Microenvironment via CX3 CL1-CX3 CR1 Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Dual roles and therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironments.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- The functional TNF-αBreast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Chaga Mushroom Triterpenoids Inhibit Dihydrofolate Reductase and Act Synergistically with Conventional Therapies in Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- The therapeutic effect and targets ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- The role of CD4MedComm · 2023Review
- Polymeric microneedles enable simultaneous delivery of cancer immunomodulatory drugs and detection of skin biomarkers.Theranostics · 2023Article
- Role of Kinetochore Scaffold 1 (KNL1) in Tumorigenesis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Pan-Cancer: Bioinformatics Analyses and Validation of Expression.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- High Expression of DLGAP5 Indicates Poor Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Promotes Proliferation through Regulation of the Cell Cycle.Disease markers · 2023Article
- CD5L-associated gene analyses highlight the dysregulations, prognostic effects, immune associations, and drug-sensitivity predicative potentials of LCAT and CDC20 in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2022Article
- Techniques for Profiling the Cellular Immune Response and Their Implications for Interventional Oncology.Cancers · 2022Review
- Antibody-mediated blockade for galectin-3 binding protein in tumor secretome abrogates PDAC metastasis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Integrated analysis reveals the molecular features of fibrosis in triple-negative breast cancer.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- High Expression of TIMELESS Predicts Poor Prognosis: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Skin Cutaneous Melanoma.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis revealsFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is composed of many immune cell subpopulations and is an important factor in the malignant progression of neoplasms, particularly breast cancer (BC). However, the cytokine networks that coordinate various regulatory events within the BC interstitium remain largely uncharacterized. Moreover, the data obtained regarding the origin of cytokine secretions, the levels of secretion associated with tumor development, and the possible clinical relevance of cytokines remain controversial. Therefore, we profiled 27 cytokines in 78 breast tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) samples, 43 normal interstitial fluid (NIF) samples, and 25 matched serum samples obtained from BC patients with Luminex xMAP multiplex technology. Eleven cytokines exhibited significantly higher levels in the TIF samples compared with the NIF samples: interleukin (IL)-7, IL-10, fibroblast growth factor-2, IL-13, interferon (IFN)γ-inducible protein (IP-10), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-β, IL-1β, chemokine ligand 5 (RANTES), vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-12. An immunohistochemical analysis further demonstrated that IL-1RA, IP-10, IL-10, PDGF-β, RANTES, and VEGF are widely expressed by both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), whereas IP-10 and RANTES were preferentially abundant in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) compared to Luminal A subtype cancers. The latter observation corresponds with the high level of TILs in the TNBC samples. IL-1β, IL-7, IL-10, and PDGFβ also exhibited a correlation between the TIF samples and matched sera. In a survival analysis, high levels of IL-5, a hallmark T
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.