ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)2016
All-Cause Mortality Among US Veterans of the Persian Gulf War: 13-Year Follow-up.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychiatric Conditions and Symptoms After Toxic Environmental Exposures During Military Service: An Evidence Map.Medical care · 2026Pooled it
- An Evidence Map of the Women Veterans' Health Literature, 2016 to 2023: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- The association between Gulf War Illness and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Gulf War Era Veterans.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Article
- Biomarkers Associated with Depression Improvement in Veterans with Gulf War Illness Using the Low-Glutamate Diet.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The association between community-level economic deprivation and incidences of emergency department visits on account of attempted suicides in Maryland.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Using Voice Biomarkers to Classify Suicide Risk in Adult Telehealth Callers: Retrospective Observational Study.JMIR mental health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors for coronary artery disease and elevated fibrinogen among active military personnel in Republic of Serbia: A cross-sectional study.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2022Article
- Article
- The Relationship between Military Combat and Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of vascular medicine · 2019Review
- Risky Driving Behaviors for Older Adults: Differences by Veteran's Status.Journal of community health · 2018Article
- Gulf war illness-related chemicals increase CD11b/cScientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe determined cause-specific mortality prevalence and risks of Gulf War deployed and nondeployed veterans to determine if deployed veterans were at greater risk than nondeployed veterans for death overall or because of certain diseases or conditions up to 13 years after conflict subsided.
methodsFollow-up began when the veteran left the Gulf War theater or May 1, 1991, and ended on the date of death or December 31, 2004. We studied 621 901 veterans who served in the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War and 746 247 veterans who served but were not deployed during the Gulf War. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate rate ratios adjusted for age at entry to follow-up, length of follow-up, race, sex, branch of service, and military unit. We compared the mortality of (1) Gulf War veterans with non-Gulf War veterans and (2) Gulf War army veterans potentially exposed to nerve agents at Khamisiyah in March 1991 with those not exposed. We compared standardized mortality ratios of deployed and nondeployed Gulf War veterans with the US population.
resultsMale Gulf War veterans had a lower risk of mortality than male non-Gulf War veterans (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-0.99), and female Gulf War veterans had a higher risk of mortality than female non-Gulf War veterans (aRR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28). Khamisiyah-exposed Gulf War army veterans had >3 times the risk of mortality from cirrhosis of the liver than nonexposed army Gulf War veterans (aRR = 3.73; 95% CI, 1.64-8.48). Compared with the US population, female Gulf War veterans had a 60% higher risk of suicide and male Gulf War veterans had a lower risk of suicide (standardized mortality ratio = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.80-0.88).
conclusionThe vital status and mortality risk of Gulf War and non-Gulf War veterans should continue to be investigated.
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