ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2017
Circulating and Exosome-Packaged Hepatitis C Single-Stranded RNA Induce Monocyte Differentiation via TLR7/8 to Polarized Macrophages and Fibrocytes.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liver Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Viral Hepatitis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Yersinia pestis Actively Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Vesicles by Human Neutrophils.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Macrophages in chronic infections: regulation and remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- The RNA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reduces Neutrophil Responses Favoring Bacterial Survival.Journal of innate immunity · 2024Article
- Effects ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Hepatocytes infected with hepatitis C virus change immunological features in the liver microenvironment.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Review
- Distinct non-coding RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from M1 and M2 human primary macrophages.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- Brucella abortus RNA does not polarize macrophages to a particular profile but interferes with M1 polarization.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Hepatitis C Virus Alters Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism Through Interaction with Scavenger Receptors.Viral immunology · 2022Article
- Dual roles and potential applications of exosomes in HCV infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- The Pannexin 1/Purinergic Receptor P2X4 Pathway Controls the Secretion of MicroRNA-Containing Exosomes by HCV-Infected Hepatocytes.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2021Article
- Emerging role and therapeutic application of exosome in hepatitis virus infection and associated diseases.Journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Regulated by Viruses and Antiviral Strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- The Emerging Role of Exosomes in the Treatment of Human Disorders With a Special Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Exosomes Secreted by Microglia During Virus Infection in the Central Nervous System Activate an Inflammatory Response in Bystander Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages (MΦs) play a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The tissue microenvironment triggers monocyte differentiation into MΦs, with polarization ranging within the spectrum of M1 (classical) to M2 (alternative) activation. Recently, we demonstrated that HCV infection leads to monocyte differentiation into polarized MΦs that mediate stellate cell activation via TGF-β. In this study, we aimed to identify the viral factor(s) that mediate monocyte-to-MΦ differentiation. We performed coculture experiments using healthy monocytes with exosome-packaged HCV, cell-free HCV, or HCV ssRNA. Coculture of monocytes with exosome-packaged HCV, cell-free HCV, or HCV ssRNA induced differentiation into MΦs with high M2 surface marker expression and production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The HCV ssRNA-induced monocyte activation and differentiation into MΦs could be prevented by TLR7 or TLR8 knockdown. Furthermore, TLR7 or TLR8 stimulation, independent of HCV, caused monocyte differentiation and M2 MΦ polarization. In vivo, in chronic HCV-infected patients, we found increased expression of TLR7/8 in circulating monocytes that was associated with increased intracellular expression of procollagen. Furthermore, knockdown of TLR8 completely attenuated collagen expression in monocytes exposed to HCV, and knockdown of TLR7 partially attenuated this expression, suggesting roles for TLR7/8 in induction of fibrocytes in HCV infection. We identified TLR7/8 as mediators of monocyte differentiation and M2 MΦ polarization during HCV infection. Further, we demonstrated that HCV ssRNA and other TLR7/8 ligands promote MΦ polarization and generation of circulating fibrocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.