ArticleEBioMedicine2017
Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is Associated with Carnitine Deficiency and Altered Fatty Acid Oxidation.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03801317 (The Effect of Bovine Colostrum/ Egg Supplementation in Young Malawian Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Bovine Colostrum/ Egg Supplementation in Young Malawian Children
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteric infections and childhood stunting: a systematic review and meta-analysis across four pathogen domains.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Environmental enteric dysfunction pathways and child stunting: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Metabolic response to extended continuous positive airway pressure in premature infants.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Two apples a day modulate human:microbiome co-metabolic processing of polyphenols, tyrosine and tryptophan.European journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiota and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Metabolomic Profiling in Children with Sleep Disorders: An Exploratory Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Medium-Chain Triglycerides: Scientific and Regulatory Perspectives from Germany and Japan with a US Context-A Concise Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Effects of intergenerational transmission of small intestinal bacteria cultured from stunted Bangladeshi children with enteropathy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the role of succinyl carnitine in the association between CD39⁺ CD4⁺ T cell and ulcerative colitis: A Mendelian randomization study.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Article
- The role of genetic defects in carnitine-associated hepatic encephalopathy: a review of literature.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2024Review
- Enhancement of fatty acid degradation pathway promoted glucoamylase synthesis in Aspergillus niger.Microbial cell factories · 2022Article
- Nutritional deficiency in an intestine-on-a-chip recapitulates injury hallmarks associated with environmental enteric dysfunction.Nature biomedical engineering · 2022Article
- Article
- Mapping the Influence of the Gut Microbiota on Small Molecules across the Microbiome Gut Brain Axis.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2022Article
- Plasma Metabolic and Lipidomic Fingerprinting of Individuals with Increased Intestinal Permeability.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Metabolomic profiling of triple negative breast cancer cells suggests that valproic acid can enhance the anticancer effect of cisplatin.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- The synergistic interaction of systemic inflammation, dysbiosis and antimicrobial resistance promotes growth restriction in children with acute severe malnutrition: An emphasis onFrontiers in antibiotics · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnvironmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a condition characterized by small intestine inflammation and abnormal gut permeability, is widespread in children in developing countries and a major cause of growth failure. The pathophysiology of EED remains poorly understood.
methodsWe measured serum metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 400 children, aged 12-59months, from rural Malawi. Gut permeability was assessed by the dual-sugar absorption test.
findings80.7% of children had EED. Of 677 serum metabolites measured, 21 were negatively associated and 56 were positively associated with gut permeability, using a false discovery rate approach (q<0.05, p<0.0095). Increased gut permeability was associated with elevated acylcarnitines, deoxycarnitine, fatty acid β-oxidation intermediates, fatty acid ω-oxidation products, odd-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, cystathionine, and homocitrulline, and with lower citrulline, ornithine, polyphenol metabolites, hippurate, tryptophan, and indolelactate.
interpretationEED is a syndrome characterized by secondary carnitine deficiency, abnormal fatty acid oxidation, alterations in polyphenol and amino acid metabolites, and metabolic dysregulation of sulfur amino acids, tryptophan, and the urea cycle. Future studies are needed to corroborate the presence of secondary carnitine deficiency among children with EED and to understand how these metabolic derangements may negatively affect the growth and development of young children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.