Trial reportMicrobiome2017
Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study.
Trial report in Microbiome, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 12 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 741 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Treating Gastrointestinal Problems in Children With Autism Using Beneficial Bacteria Treatment (BBT)
Microbiota Transfer Therapy for Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Who Have Gastrointestinal Disorders
Dynamics of Gut Microbiomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Symptoms
Pilot Feasibility Study of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for the Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Gastrointestinal, Autistic, Emotion, and Behavior Symptoms of Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gastrointestinal Problems: a Preliminary Study.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (Autologous) in Infants Treated With Antibiotics
Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Via Different Routes in Children With Moderate-to-Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder
Role of the Gut Vascular Barrier and Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evaluation of Efficacy of Postbiotic-based Nutraceutical Treatment
An Open-Label, Pilot Clinical Trial To Test The Safety And Feasibility Of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Autism Spectral Disorder (ASD) In Adolescent-Adults Treated by Multimodal Protocol: IV Autologous cSVF, Interval IV Autologous MSCs (Cryopreserved), Strick Ketogenic Diet RESET Program, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)
Association Between Gut Microbiome Characteristics and Neurodevelopmental Functioning in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multidomain Investigation of the Gut-Motor Axis
Feasibility, Safety and Tolerability of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Adolescent Population With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Who cites it
741 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,333 citations in OpenAlex.
- Convergent blood-brain barrier breakdown in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review of preclinical animal models.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Pooled it
- Microbial dysbiosis as a diagnostic marker in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review of gut-brain axis disruptions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Global trends and future perspectives in autism spectrum disorder and gut microbiota research: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and influencing factors of functional constipation in Chinese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Bacteriophage-mediated gut microbiota regulation: a bibliometric landscape analysis (2005-2024).Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Early-Life Microbiome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Engrafting gut bacteriophages have potential to modulate microbial metabolism in fecal microbiota transplantation.Microbiome · 2025Pooled it
- Potential gut-brain axis-targeted therapies for autism spectrum disorder in children: opportunities and challenges.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Pooled it
- Metal Dyshomeostasis as a Driver of Gut Pathology in Autism Spectrum Disorders.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Global autism prevalence, and exploring Montessori as a practical educational solution: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Microbiota-based interventions for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review of efficacy and clinical potential.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Indoxyl Sulfate and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Akkermansia muciniphila enhances washed microbiota transplantation in the treatment of epilepsy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Trial
- Comparison of clinical efficacy and gut microbiota characteristics in children with ASD treated with fecal microbiota transplantation and ketogenic diet.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Z6 Improves Functional Constipation in Infants.Biotechnology journal · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Encapsulated faecal microbiota transfer in young women with anorexia nervosa: an open-label feasibility pilot trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Effects of konjac glucomannan on gastrointestinal symptoms and gut microbiota in athletes with functional constipation: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
681 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurobiological disorders that impair social interactions and communication and lead to restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. The causes of these disorders remain poorly understood, but gut microbiota, the 10
resultsMTT involved a 2-week antibiotic treatment, a bowel cleanse, and then an extended fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) using a high initial dose followed by daily and lower maintenance doses for 7-8 weeks. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale revealed an approximately 80% reduction of GI symptoms at the end of treatment, including significant improvements in symptoms of constipation, diarrhea, indigestion, and abdominal pain. Improvements persisted 8 weeks after treatment. Similarly, clinical assessments showed that behavioral ASD symptoms improved significantly and remained improved 8 weeks after treatment ended. Bacterial and phagedeep sequencing analyses revealed successful partial engraftment of donor microbiota and beneficial changes in the gut environment. Specifically, overall bacterial diversity and the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Desulfovibrio among other taxa increased following MTT, and these changes persisted after treatment stopped (followed for 8 weeks).
conclusionsThis exploratory, extended-duration treatment protocol thus appears to be a promising approach to alter the gut microbiome and virome and improve GI and behavioral symptoms of ASD. Improvements in GI symptoms, ASD symptoms, and the microbiome all persisted for at least 8 weeks after treatment ended, suggesting a long-term impact.
trial registrationThis trial was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov, with the registration number NCT02504554.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.