ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2017
Rapamycin Eye Drops Suppress Lacrimal Gland Inflammation In a Murine Model of Sjögren's Syndrome.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autophagy modulation in animal models of corneal diseases: a systematic review.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2020Pooled it
- Pathological mechanisms of Sjögren's disease-related dry eye: from multiglandular dysfunction to ocular surface inflammation.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Beyond Glycemic Control: Ocular Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Autophagy in ocular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Functional and Aesthetic Periorbital, Ocular Adnexal and Ocular Surface Changes Linked to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Salivary gland cell senescence in Sjögren's syndrome: current research and novel therapeutic directions.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Rapamycin Mitigates Corneal Damage in a Mouse Model of Alkali Burn Injury.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Features and Prognosis of Patients With Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Developing Fibrosing Mediastinitis: Case-Control Study and Systematic Review.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of mTOR differently modulates planar and subepithelial fibrogenesis in human conjunctival fibroblasts.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Salivary gland transcriptomic analysis and immunophenotyping in the IL-14α transgenic mouse model of Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Article
- STING pathways and Sjögren's syndrome: Exploration from mechanism to treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lacrimal Gland Acinar Cells During Aging.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Redox Pathogenesis in Rheumatic Diseases.ACR open rheumatology · 2024Review
- Overview of Recent Advances in Nano-Based Ocular Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- TNF is a critical cytokine in age-related dry eye disease.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- Autophagy in dry eye disease: Therapeutic implications of autophagy modulators on the ocular surface.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Characterization and Evaluation of Rapamycin-Loaded Nano-Micelle Ophthalmic Solution.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Intravenous route to choroidal neovascularization by macrophage-disguised nanocarriers for mTOR modulation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Review
- Supra-lacrimal protein-based carriers for cyclosporine A reduce Th17-mediated autoimmunity in murine model of Sjögren's syndrome.Biomaterials · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of topical rapamycin in treating autoimmune dacryoadenitis in a mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome. Methods: We developed rapamycin in a poly(ethylene glycol)-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) micelle formulation to maintain solubility. Rapamycin or PEG-DSPE eye drops (vehicle) were administered in a well-established Sjögren's syndrome disease model, the male nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, twice daily for 12 weeks starting at 8 weeks of age. Mouse tear fluid was collected and tear Cathepsin S, a putative tear biomarker for Sjögren's syndrome, was measured. Lacrimal glands were retrieved for histological evaluation, and quantitative real-time PCR of genes associated with Sjögren's syndrome pathogenesis. Tear secretion was measured using phenol red threads, and corneal fluorescein staining was used to assess corneal integrity. Results: Lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal glands from rapamycin-treated mice was significantly (P = 0.0001) reduced by 3.8-fold relative to vehicle-treated mice after 12 weeks of treatment. Rapamycin, but not vehicle, treatment increased tear secretion and decreased corneal fluorescein staining after 12 weeks. In rapamycin-treated mice, Cathepsin S activity was significantly reduced by 3.75-fold in tears (P < 0.0001) and 1.68-fold in lacrimal gland lysates (P = 0.003) relative to vehicle-treated mice. Rapamycin significantly altered the expression of several genes linked to Sjögren's syndrome pathogenesis, including major histocompatibility complex II, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12a, as well as Akt3, an effector of autophagy. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that topical rapamycin reduces autoimmune-mediated lacrimal gland inflammation while improving ocular surface integrity and tear secretion, and thus has potential for treating Sjögren's syndrome-associated dry eye.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.