ArticlePloS one2017
Oral Vaccination of Free-Living Badgers (Meles meles) with Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) Vaccine Confers Protection against Tuberculosis.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteome microarray-guided identification of mycobacterial antigens and ELISA-based peptide mapping for improved serological detection ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Bovine tuberculosis (TB) in herds with long-duration of official freedom during a period of national resurgence of infections.Irish veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Vaccinating wild badgers against bovine tuberculosis: an overview of 16 years of vaccine delivery in England.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Differences in local immune response of bait Mycobacterium bovis heat-inactivated vaccinated badgers showing exacerbated tuberculous lesions after challenge.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oral delivery of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in alginate spheres to captive white-tailed deer.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Orally administered live BCG and heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis protect bison against experimental bovine tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immune responses of cattle vaccinated by various routes with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Evaluating sensitivity and specificity of the DPP Vet TB assay in badgers using Bayesian latent class models.PloS one · 2025Article
- Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The European Union One Health 2023 Zoonoses report.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Oral Vaccines for Animals.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Badger Ecology, Bovine Tuberculosis, and Population Management: Lessons from the Island of Ireland.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Review
- Evaluation of alternative vaccination routes against paratuberculosis in goats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses Report.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- The Irish bTB eradication programme: combining stakeholder engagement and research-driven policy to tackle bovine tuberculosis.Irish veterinary journal · 2023Review
- Impact of test, vaccinate or remove protocol on home ranges and nightly movements of badgers a medium density population.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Inferring bovine tuberculosis transmission between cattle and badgers via the environment and risk mapping.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Advance in strategies to build efficient vaccines against tuberculosis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Estimation of Bait Uptake by Badgers, Using Non-invasive Methods, in the Perspective of Oral Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis in a French Infected Area.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- The open pan-genome architecture and virulence landscape ofMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A field trial was conducted to investigate the impact of oral vaccination of free-living badgers against natural-transmitted Mycobacterium bovis infection. For a period of three years badgers were captured over seven sweeps in three zones and assigned for oral vaccination with a lipid-encapsulated BCG vaccine (Liporale-BCG) or with placebo. Badgers enrolled in Zone A were administered placebo while all badgers enrolled in Zone C were vaccinated with BCG. Badgers enrolled in the middle area, Zone B, were randomly assigned 50:50 for treatment with vaccine or placebo. Treatment in each zone remained blinded until the end of the study period. The outcome of interest was incident cases of tuberculosis measured as time to seroconversion events using the BrockTB Stat-Pak lateral flow serology test, supplemented with post-mortem examination. Among the vaccinated badgers that seroconverted, the median time to seroconversion (413 days) was significantly longer (p = 0.04) when compared with non-vaccinated animals (230 days). Survival analysis (modelling time to seroconversion) revealed that there was a significant difference in the rate of seroconversion between vaccinated and non-vaccinated badgers in Zones A and C throughout the trial period (p = 0.015). For badgers enrolled during sweeps 1-2 the Vaccine Efficacy (VE) determined from hazard rate ratios was 36% (95% CI: -62%- 75%). For badgers enrolled in these zones during sweeps 3-6, the VE was 84% (95% CI: 29%- 97%). This indicated that VE increased with the level of vaccine coverage. Post-mortem examination of badgers at the end of the trial also revealed a significant difference in the proportion of animals presenting with M. bovis culture confirmed lesions in vaccinated Zone C (9%) compared with non-vaccinated Zone A (26%). These results demonstrate that oral BCG vaccination confers protection to badgers and could be used to reduce incident rates in tuberculosis-infected populations of badgers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.