SynthesisMaternal and child health journal2017
Pre-pregnancy Obesity as a Modifier of Gestational Diabetes and Birth Defects Associations: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Maternal and child health journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal modifiable factors and risk of congenital heart defects: systematic review and causality assessment.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal obesity and metabolic disorders associate with congenital heart defects in the offspring: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Association between maternal overweight or obesity and cerebral palsy in children: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Environmental Risk and Adverse Perinatal Health Indicators in New York City: A Geospatial Hotspot Analysis.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal obesity and its impact on pregnancy.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of birth defects in central China livebirths, 2015-2022.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Maternal physical activity, sitting, and risk of non-cardiac birth defects.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Decomposing the rural-urban disparities in overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- A review of key terminology and definitions used for birth defects globally.Journal of community genetics · 2023Article
- Pregestational Diabetes and Congenital Heart Defects.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2022Review
- Morbidity and psychomotor development of offspring of women with gestational diabetes: a 5-year follow-up.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Association between maternal exposure to indoor air pollution and offspring congenital heart disease: a case-control study in East China.BMC public health · 2022Article
- A Comparative Prevalence of Birth Defects between Newborns of Immigrant and Native-Born Mothers in Taiwan: Ten Years of Population-Based Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Modification of the association between diabetes and birth defects by obesity, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.Birth defects research · 2021Article
- Maternal Obesity and Risk of Low Birth Weight, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Macrosomia: Multiple Analyses.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Prediction Method of Gestational Diabetes Based on Electronic Medical Record Data.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Article
- Demographic and Clinical Features of Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants Born to Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Early Screening for Gestational Diabetes Using IADPSG Criteria May Be a Useful Predictor for Congenital Anomalies: Preliminary Data from a High-Risk Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Developmental Programming.Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2020Review
- Risk factors for congenital heart disease: The Baby Hearts Study, a population-based case-control study.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective Inconsistent findings of associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and birth defects suggest unaccounted confounders may underlie the actual basis for such associations. We conducted a systematic review to assess observed associations between GDM and birth defects and the extent to which these could be explained by pre-pregnancy obesity. Methods Using a combination of search terms for GDM and birth defects, we searched PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov for human-based studies published through September 2013. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included information on maternal diabetes status, method of diagnosis of GDM, and assessment of birth defects. Twenty-four of 768 potential articles were included. We collected information on study design, location and period, method of determination of diabetes status, types of birth defects, and measures of association reported. Results There was no evidence for consistent association of GDM with birth defects, with the exception of a weak association between GDM and congenital heart defects. When stratified by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, an association between GDM and congenital heart defects and between GDM and neural tube defects was evident only in women with both GDM and pre-pregnancy obesity. Conclusions for Practice Our findings suggest reported associations between GDM and birth defects may be due, in part, to undiagnosed metabolic disorders associated with obesity, such as pregestational diabetes mellitus, rather than GDM. These findings highlight the need for increased efforts for pre-pregnancy screening for undiagnosed diabetes and awareness of the importance of weight management among women of childbearing age with obesity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.