Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28120228›Full record

ArticleJournal of behavioral medicine2017

A brief measure of reactance to health warnings.

Marissa G Hall, Paschal Sheeran, Seth M Noar, Kurt M Ribisl, Marcella H Boynton, Noel T Brewer

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of behavioral medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

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  11. The Impact of The Real Cost Vaping and Smoking Ads across Tobacco Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023
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  17. Understanding Why Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Increase Quit Attempts.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2019
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  20. Frequency and Content of Conversations About Pictorial Warnings on Cigarette Packs.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marissa G HallDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. mghall@unc.edu.
Paschal SheeranDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Seth M NoarSchool of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Kurt M RibislDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Marcella H BoyntonDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Noel T BrewerDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Funding

Virology Research Program (Program 4)P30CA016086 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI David Darr · 1985 to 2026
$201.5M
Understanding how graphic warnings on cigarette packs increase quit intentionsF31CA196037 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HALL, MARISSA · 2016 to 2017
$40k
NCI NIH HHS F31 CA196037NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016086
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reactance to persuasive messages involves perceived threat to freedom, anger, and counterarguing that may undermine the impact of health warnings. To understand reactance's effects, reliable and valid assessment is critical. We sought to develop and validate a brief Reactance to Health Warnings Scale (RHWS). Two independent samples of US adults completed the brief RHWS in studies that presented warnings on cigarette packs that smokers carried with them for 4 weeks (Study 1; n = 2149) or as digital images of cigarette packs that participants viewed briefly (Study 2; n = 1413). The three-item Brief RHWS had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The scale correlated with higher trait reactance and exposure to pictorial warnings, supporting its convergent validity. With respect to predictive validity, the Brief RHWS predicted perceived message effectiveness, quit intentions, avoidance of the warnings, and number of cigarettes smoked per day. The Brief RHWS can serve as an efficient adjunct to the development of persuasive messages.

Indexed as

Avoidance LearningProduct LabelingAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansIntentionMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSmoking CessationYoung AdultDefensive processingHealth communicationHealth warningsPictorial warningsReactanceTobacco control

Identifiers

PMID28120228
PMCPMC5458745

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.