Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28117747›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2017

The Influence of Chitosan Cross-linking on the Properties of Alginate Microparticles with Metformin Hydrochloride-In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.

Marta Szekalska, Katarzyna Sosnowska, Agnieszka Zakrzeska, Irena Kasacka, Alicja Lewandowska, Katarzyna Winnicka

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In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Rose Bengal-Chitosan Nanocomposites for Oral Administration.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
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  7. Review
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  11. Mucoadhesive carriers for oral drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022
    Review
  12. Article
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  14. Article
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  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marta SzekalskaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland. marta.szekalska@umb.edu.pl.
Katarzyna SosnowskaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland. katarzyna.sosnowska@umb.edu.pl.
Agnieszka ZakrzeskaDepartment of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland. azakrze@umb.edu.pl.
Irena KasackaDepartment of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland. kasacka@umb.edu.pl.
Alicja LewandowskaDepartment of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland. alicja.lewandowska@umb.edu.pl.
Katarzyna WinnickaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland. kwin@umb.edu.pl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sodium alginate is a polymer with unique ability to gel with different cross-linking agents in result of ionic and electrostatic interactions. Chitosan cross-linked alginate provides improvement of swelling and mucoadhesive properties and might be used to design sustained release dosage forms. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop and evaluate possibility of preparing chitosan cross-linked alginate microparticles containing metformin hydrochloride by the spray-drying method. In addition, influence of cross-linking agent on the properties of microparticles was evaluated. Formulation of microparticles prepared by the spray drying of 2% alginate solution cross-linked by 0.1% chitosan was characterized by good mucoadhesive properties, high drug loading and prolonged metformin hydrochloride release. It was shown that designed microparticles reduced rat glucose blood level, delayed absorption of metformin hydrochloride and provided stable plasma drug concentration. Additionally, histopathological studies of pancreas, liver and kidneys indicated that all prepared microparticles improved degenerative changes in organs of diabetic rats. Moreover, no toxicity effect and no changes in rats behavior after oral administration of chitosan cross-linked alginate microparticles were noted.

Indexed as

AlginatesAnimalsBlood GlucoseChemistry, PharmaceuticalChitosanCross-Linking ReagentsDelayed-Action PreparationsDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, High-FatDisease Models, AnimalDrug CarriersDrug CompoundingGlucuronic AcidHexuronic AcidsKidneyAlginatesBlood GlucoseChitosanCross-Linking ReagentsDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersGlucuronic AcidHexuronic AcidsMetforminStreptozocinalginatechitosancross-linkinghypoglycemic activitymetformin hydrochloridemicroparticlesspray dryingtoxicity

Identifiers

PMID28117747
PMCPMC6155789

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.