ArticlePloS one2017
Prevalence of and Associated Risk Factors for High Risk Human Papillomavirus among Sexually Active Women, Swaziland.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-synthesis and science mapping analysis of HIV/HPV co-infection: a global perspective with emphasis on Africa.Globalization and health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and Type Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Recovered from the Uterine Cervix of Nigerian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Awareness and Acceptance of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine and Associated Factors Among Parents of Adolescents (9-18 Years) at a Children's Hospital in Babol, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Policies and strategies for HPV vaccination schedule completion in immunocompromised girls, including girls living with HIV: Qualitative insights from Eswatini, Malawi, and Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and age-related trends of high-risk Human Papillomavirus genomes in Ecuadorian women: a comprehensive cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular Detection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Other Sexually Transmitted Pathogens in Cervical and Self-Collected Specimens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Factors associated with human papillomavirus infections among women living with HIV in public health facilities in Western Oromia, Ethiopia.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of genital high-risk human papillomavirus infections and associated factors among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and associated factors among women attending cervical cancer screening in setting of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Genital infections in high-risk human papillomavirus positive Paraguayan women aged 30-64 with and without cervical lesions.PloS one · 2024Article
- Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and associated factors among women of reproductive age attending a rural teaching hospital in western Uganda.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Non-adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations among women in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- High-risk human papillomavirus prevalence among South African women diagnosed with other STIs and BV.PloS one · 2023Article
- Genotype heterogeneity of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in Ethiopia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- A comprehensive analysis of penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence reveals new insights into the disease.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Article
- Cervical cancer screening by visual inspection and HPV testing in Eswatini.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus in pregnant adolescents, association with colpocytological changes, risk factors and obstetric outcomes.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2022Article
- Knowledge, attitude and practice towards cervical cancer prevention among mothers of girls aged between 9 and 14 years: a cross sectional survey in Zimbabwe.BMC women's health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection and the dual burden of HIV remains a huge challenge in some low-income countries (LICs) such as Swaziland with limited or no data. We estimated the prevalence and investigated determinants of hr-HPV, including HIV infection among sexually active women in Swaziland.
methodsA total of 655 women aged between 15 and 49 years from five health facilities were randomly enrolled using a cross-sectional study design. Cervical cells were tested for hr-HPV types using GeneXpert HPV Assays.
resultsThe overall weighted hr-HPV prevalence was 46.2% (95%CI: 42.8-49.5). Of hr-HPV infected women, 12.4% (95%CI: 8.6-17.5) were HPV16-positive, 13.8% (95%CI:12.0-15.8) were positive for HPV18/45, 26.7% (95%CI: 24.2-29.3) for HPV31/33/35/52/58, 7.6% (95%CI: 7.6-11.9) for HPV51/59 and 11.0%, (95%CI: 7.9-15.3) for HPV39/56/66/68. Prevalence of hr-HPV decreased with increasing age. Overall HIV prevalence remained high (42.7%; 95%CI: 35.7-46.2). HIV infection was associated with hr-HPV infection (Adjusted OR = 4.9, 95%CI: 3.043-7.8, p<0.001). Overall hr-HPV/HIV co-infection was 24.4% (95%CI: 20.3-29.1) which was significantly higher among younger age groups (p<0.001). Prevalence of multiple group hr-HPV infection was significantly higher in HIV-positive versus -negative women (27.7% and 12.7% respectively, p<0.001). The presence, absence or unknown of history of STI with HIV did not appear to modify the relationship with hr-HPV (OR = 4.2, 95%CI: 2.6-7.1, OR = 4.6, 95%CI: 2.8-7.7, p<0.001, p<0.001 and OR = 4.1, 95%CI: 1.3-13.4, p<0.021 respectively).
conclusionThe prevalence of hr-HPV infection was high and significantly associated with HIV among sexually active women. Furthermore, the study has provided essential information about the HIV link with hr-HPV infections which may explain the high prevalence among HIV infected women. This can contribute to policy development and planning of prevention strategies incorporating HPV infection prevention especially among youth and HIV infected people.
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