Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28111461›Full record

ArticleNature reviews. Microbiology2017

Diversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems.

Sergey Shmakov, Aaron Smargon, David Scott, David Cox, Neena Pyzocha, Winston Yan, Omar O Abudayyeh, Jonathan S Gootenberg, Kira S Makarova, Yuri I Wolf and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 524 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
524citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

524 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Molecular mechanisms and biotechnology applications of CRISPR-Cas12a.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. CRISPR/Cas13a: Compensatory Target Activation Mechanism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. An ATMT-CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in Monascus purpureus.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

464 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sergey ShmakovSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo 143025, Russia.
Aaron SmargonBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
David ScottBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
David CoxBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Neena PyzochaBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Winston YanBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Omar O AbudayyehBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Jonathan S GootenbergBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Kira S MakarovaNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
Yuri I WolfNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
Konstantin SeverinovSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo 143025, Russia.
Feng ZhangBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Eugene V KooninNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.

Funding

Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM007753 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI WALENSKY, LOREN DAVID · 1985 to 2021
$50.0M
Comparative Analysis Of Completely Sequenced GenomesZIALM000073 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI KOONIN, EUGENE V · 2009 to 2025
$43.1M
Finding Protein Sequence Motifs--Methods And ApplicationsZIALM000061 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI KOONIN, EUGENE V · 2009 to 2025
$10.6M
Massively-parallel functional interrogation of psychiatric geneticsR01MH110049 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI ZHANG, FENG · 2015 to 2019
$5.5M
Probing Neuropsychiatric Diseases Using Targeted Epigenome and Genome EngineeringDP1MH100706 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI ZHANG, FENG · 2012 to 2016
$4.3M
The Function of Small RNA-Based viral Defense System in E. coli - Renewal 1R01GM104071 · NIGMS · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI SEMENOVA, EKATERINA · 2013 to 2024
$3.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM104071NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007753NIMH NIH HHS DP1 MH100706NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH110049
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems are characterized by effector modules that consist of a single multidomain protein, such as Cas9 or Cpf1. We designed a computational pipeline for the discovery of novel class 2 variants and used it to identify six new CRISPR-Cas subtypes. The diverse properties of these new systems provide potential for the development of versatile tools for genome editing and regulation. In this Analysis article, we present a comprehensive census of class 2 types and class 2 subtypes in complete and draft bacterial and archaeal genomes, outline evolutionary scenarios for the independent origin of different class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems from mobile genetic elements, and propose an amended classification and nomenclature of CRISPR-Cas.

Indexed as

ArchaeaBacteriaCRISPR-Associated ProteinsCRISPR-Cas SystemsGene EditingGenome, ArchaealGenome, BacterialProtein DomainsCRISPR-Associated Proteins

Identifiers

PMID28111461
PMCPMC5851899

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.