ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2017
Socioeconomic disparities in adolescent substance use: Role of enjoyable alternative substance-free activities.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Literature Review of Substance-Use Prevention Programs Amongst Refugee Youth.Community mental health journal · 2024Pooled it
- Measurement of substance-free reinforcement in addiction: A systematic review.Clinical psychology review · 2019Pooled it
- Role of relative-reinforcement value of alcohol-free activities during recovery from alcohol use disorder in an adult clinical sample.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Testing a Culturally Adapted Youth Substance Use Prevention Program in a Mexican Border City:Substance use & misuse · 2021Trial
- Are School-Aged Children Who Self-Identify as Neurodivergent at Greater Risk of Substance Misuse? A Study of 20 000 Secondary School Students.Child: care, health and development · 2026Article
- Ambulatory assessment to advance the science of nondrug reward in addiction and recovery.Addiction research & theory · 2025Article
- Daily profiles of nondrug reward and their association with daily outcomes for people in recovery from opioid use disorder: An application of latent profile analysis applied to intensive longitudinal data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Association between gender diversity and substance use experimentation in early adolescents.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Sources of Environmental Reinforcement and Engagement in Health Risk Behaviors Among a General Population Sample of US Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Individual and Community level Developmental Adversities: Associations with Marijuana and Alcohol Use in Late-Adolescents and Young Adults.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2024Article
- Early substance use and the school environment: A multilevel latent class analysis.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2024Article
- Predictors of problematic adult alcohol, cannabis, and other substance use: A longitudinal study of two samples.Development and psychopathology · 2023Article
- Engagement in types of activities and frequency of alcohol use in a national sample of United States adolescents.PloS one · 2023Article
- Application of the acquired preparedness model for alcohol and cigarette use among reserve-dwelling first nation adolescents.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Article
- Substance use in childhood and adolescence and its associations with quality of life and behavioral strengths and difficulties.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Joint risk prediction for hazardous use of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco among adolescents: A preliminary study using statistical and machine learning.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Positive Psychological Characteristics and Substance Use in First Nation Adolescents.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- Ensuring access to high-quality substance use disorder treatment for Medicaid enrollees: A qualitative study of diverse stakeholders' perspectives.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Article
- Testing the competing life reinforcers model for substance use in reserve-dwelling First Nation youth.The American journal of orthopsychiatry · 2021Article
- Clinical characteristics distinguishing tramadol-using adolescents from other substance-using adolescents in an out-patient treatment setting.Addictive behaviors reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine whether reduced substance-free enjoyable activity (i.e., 'alternative reinforcers') is a mediating mechanism linking lower socioeconomic status and adolescent substance use risk.
methodHigh school students in Los Angeles, CA (N = 2,553, 2013-2014, M age baseline = 14.1) were administered three semiannual surveys. Socioeconomic status was measured by highest parental education reported at Wave 1 (the beginning of 9th grade). Three elements of alternative reinforcement at Wave 2 (six-month follow-up) were assessed as mediators: ratings of frequency of engagement, level of enjoyment, and frequency × enjoyment product scores of substance-free typically pleasant activities (like participation in sports teams or school clubs). Study outcomes included prior six-month alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and other substance use at Wave 3 (twelve-month follow-up). Logistic regression models adjusting for alternative reinforcers and substance use from the preceding wave as well as other co-factors were used to examine the association of Wave 1 parental education with Wave 3 substance use and mediation by Wave 2 alternative reinforcement.
resultsLower parental education at Wave 1 was associated with a greater likelihood of reporting alcohol (β = -0.122, 95% CI = -0.234, -0.009) and marijuana (β = -0.168, 95% CI = -0.302, -0.034) use at Wave 3. The inverse association between parental education and substance use was statistically mediated by each element of diminished alternative reinforcement at Wave 2. Lower parental education at Wave 1 was associated with lower alternative reinforcement at Wave 2, which in turn was associated with greater likelihood of alcohol (range of β
conclusionDiminished access to and engagement in substance-free enjoyable activity may in part underlie socioeconomic disparities in adolescent alcohol and marijuana use risk. Increasing substance-free enjoyable activities may be useful in substance abuse prevention in socioeconomically disadvantaged youth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.