ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology2017
Regulation of the Immune Response by TGF-β: From Conception to Autoimmunity and Infection.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 384 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
384 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 589 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing hematological ratios: prognostic insights for breast cancer management.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis Approach to Gene Regulatory Network Inference Identifies Key Regulators of Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Imbalance of Th17 cells, Treg cells and associated cytokines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Investigating the causal relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and osteoporosis in the European population: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- TGF-β/IFN-γ Antagonism in Subversion and Self-Defense of Phase II Coxiella burnetiiInfection and immunity · 2023Trial
- Long-Term In Vivo Biological Performance of PLLA-b-PEG/HA Filler.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Cytotoxicity and Bioactivity of Five Hydraulic Silicate Cements in Human Dental Pulp Cells at Different Setting Stages.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Cold and hot tumors: immunological determinants, cancer-immunity cycle dysregulation, and nanotechnology-driven therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Supplementation of αKG along with TGFβ/HIF1α antagonist rescues lung fibrosis in mice with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Differences in mRNA expression of neuroinflammation-related genes in the temporal lobe of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Article
- Endogenous metabolite signaling orchestrates tumor immune evasion.Cell insight · 2026Review
- The Effects of Lycopene on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Liver Health of Hybrid Groupers (♀Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Landscape of H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K4me1, and H3K4me3 Marks in Channel Catfish Following Βeta Glucan Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Temporal Dissection of TGF-β signaling reveals differential impact during female reproductive mucosal CD8 resident memory T cell differentiation.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle Strategies for Bone Metastasis Immunotherapy: Targeting, Immune Reprogramming and Combination Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- An HPLC-Based Multi-Analyte Secretome Characterization Panel for Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal/Stromal Stem Cells: Quantification of Adenosine, Kynurenine, IL-10, and TGF-β in Conditioned Media-A Pilot Feasibility Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex differences in proteomic response to ischemic stroke.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Molecular Engineering of the Helminth TGF-β Mimetics, TGM1 and TGM4, Reveals a Novel Antagonist of TGF-β Signaling in Fibroblasts.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
324 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to elucidate how TGF-β alters immunity under various conditions. Under steady-state conditions, TGF-β regulates thymic T-cell selection and maintains homeostasis of the naïve T-cell pool. TGF-β inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), Th1-, and Th2-cell differentiation while promoting peripheral (p)Treg-, Th17-, Th9-, and Tfh-cell generation, and T-cell tissue residence in response to immune challenges. Similarly, TGF-β controls the proliferation, survival, activation, and differentiation of B cells, as well as the development and functions of innate cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. Collectively, TGF-β plays a pivotal role in maintaining peripheral tolerance against self- and innocuous antigens, such as food, commensal bacteria, and fetal alloantigens, and in controlling immune responses to pathogens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.