ArticleAIDS (London, England)2017
Cash vs. food assistance to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in Tanzania.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01957917 (Comparing Food and Cash Assistance for HIV-Positive Men and Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparing Food and Cash Assistance for HIV-Positive Men and Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interventions in the Era of Universal Test and Treat: A Hybrid Systematic-Narrative Literature Review of Global Evidence.AIDS and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Intervention strategies to improve adherence to treatment for selected chronic conditions in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of cash transfer programmes on HIV/AIDS prevention and care outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies.The lancet. HIV · 2023Pooled it
- Why do people living with HIV not initiate treatment? A systematic review of qualitative evidence from low- and middle-income countries.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Specification of implementation interventions to address the cascade of HIV care and treatment in resource-limited settings: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2017Pooled it
- How do repeated financial incentives affect HIV care-seeking behaviours over time? Evidence from a cluster-randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026Trial
- Impact of Financial Incentives on Intimate Partner Violence for Women Living with HIV Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Impact of financial incentives on viral suppression among adults initiating HIV treatment in Tanzania: a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.The lancet. HIV · 2024Trial
- Voucher incentives to improve viral suppression among HIV-positive people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men in India: a cluster randomised trial.The lancet. HIV · 2024Trial
- The impact of cash incentives on mental health among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania.AIDS care · 2024Trial
- Risks of Intimate Partner Violence for Women Living with HIV Receiving Cash Transfers: A Qualitative Study in Shinyanga, Tanzania.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Impact of family networks on uptake of health interventions: evidence from a community-randomized control trial aimed at increasing HIV testing in South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- Financial incentives to improve re-engagement in HIV care: results from a randomized pilot study.AIDS care · 2023Trial
- Six-Months Retention on Treatment and Attrition Risk Factors among People Living with HIV in Kibera Informal Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Durability of effects from short-term economic incentives for clinic attendance among HIV positive adults in Tanzania: long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2021Trial
- Financial incentives to promote retention in care and viral suppression in adults with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania: a three-arm randomised controlled trial.The lancet. HIV · 2020Trial
- Effects of short-term cash and food incentives on food insecurity and nutrition among HIV-infected adults in Tanzania.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe evaluated the effectiveness of short-term cash and food assistance to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and retention in care among people living with HIV in Tanzania.
methodsAt three clinics, 805 participants were randomized to three groups in a 3 : 3 : 1 ratio, stratified by site : nutrition assessment and counseling (NAC) and cash transfers (∼$11/month, n = 347), NAC and food baskets (n = 345), and NAC-only (comparison group, n = 113, clinicaltrials.gov NCT01957917). Eligible people living with HIV were at least 18 years, initiated ART 90 days or less prior, and food insecure. Cash or food was provided for 6 or less consecutive months, conditional on visit attendance. The primary outcome was medication possession ratio (MPR ≥ 95%) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were appointment attendance and loss to follow-up (LTFU) at 6 and 12 months.
resultsThe primary intent-to-treat analysis included 800 participants. Achievement of MPR ≥ 95% at 6 months was higher in the NAC + cash group compared with NAC-only (85.0 vs. 63.4%), a 21.6 percentage point difference [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.8, 33.4, P < 0.01]. MPR ≥ 95% was also significantly higher in the NAC + food group vs. NAC-only (difference = 15.8, 95% CI: 3.8, 27.9, P < 0.01). When directly compared, MPR ≥ 95% was similar in the NAC + cash and NAC + food groups (difference = 5.7, 95% CI: -1.2, 12.7, P = 0.15). Compared with NAC-only, appointment attendance and LTFU were significantly higher in both the NAC + cash and NAC + food groups at 6 months. At 12 months, the effect of NAC + cash, but not NAC + food, on MPR ≥ 95% and retention was sustained.
conclusionShort-term conditional cash and food assistance improves ART possession and appointment attendance and reduces LTFU among food-insecure ART initiates in Tanzania.
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