ReviewEye (London, England)2017
The 2016 Bowman Lecture Conjunctival curses: scarring conjunctivitis 30 years on.
Review in Eye (London, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- European Guidelines (S3) on diagnosis and management of mucous membrane pemphigoid, initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology - Part II.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2021Guideline
- Conjunctival biopsy findings associated with fibrosis and sequelae in ocular Mucous membrane pemphigoid.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The Role of Innervation in Ocular Surface Homeostasis, Tissue Remodeling Following Nerve Injury, and the Therapeutic Potential of Hemocomponents in Neuronal and Cicatricial Pathologies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Recurrent acute bilateral cicatricial conjunctivitis as an adverse event of systemic adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis.Digital journal of ophthalmology : DJO · 2026Article
- Defining the limits of upper and lower conjunctival fornix depths in a healthy Asian Chinese population.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Challenges and advances in ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (OMMP); from pathogenesis to treatment strategies.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha- and Beta-Mediated Signaling Regulates Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Keratinization.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Quantitative Stain-Free Conjunctival Collagen Imaging in Cicatrizing Conjunctivitis Using Second Harmonic Generation-Two Photon Excitation Technology.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid in a Healthy Elderly Male Filipino Patient.Acta medica Philippina · 2025Article
- Alteration of Gene Expression in Pathological Keratinization of the Ocular Surface.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Tissue Remodeling in Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Observational
- Evaluation of the Diagnostic Value of Oesophageal Biopsies for Direct Immunofluorescence Microscopy in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2023Article
- Association of topical glaucoma medications with lacrimal drainage obstruction and eyelid malposition.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Impact of Exposomes on Ocular Surface Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- [Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- [Clinical aspects of ocular mucosal pemphigoid].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- [Initial results of the German ocular pemphigoid register].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- [Immunopathogenesis of mucous membrane pemphigoid].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Pseudopterygium: An Algorithm Approach Based on the Current Evidence.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Gut Dysbiosis in Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review is in two sections. The first section summarises 35 conditions, both common and infrequent, causing cicatrising conjunctivitis. Guidelines for making a diagnosis are given together with the use of diagnostic tests, including direct and indirect immunofluorescence, and their interpretation. The second section evaluates our knowledge of ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid, which is the commonest cause of cicatrizing conjunctivitis in most developed countries. The clinical characteristics, demographics, and clinical signs of the disease are described. This is followed by a review and re-evaluation of the pathogenesis of conjunctival inflammation in mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), resulting in a revised hypothesis of the autoimmune mechanisms causing inflammation in ocular MMP. The relationship between inflammation and scarring in MMP conjunctiva is described. Recent research, describing the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and retinoic acid (RA) in both the initiation and perpetuation of profibrotic activity in MMP conjunctival fibroblasts is summarised and the potential for antifibrotic therapy, using ALDH inhibition, is discussed. The importance of the management of the ocular surface in MMP is briefly summarised. This is followed with the rationale for the use of systemic immunomodulatory therapy, currently the standard of care for patients with active ocular MMP. The evidence for the use of these drugs is summarised and guidelines given for their use. Finally, the areas for research and innovation in the next decade are reviewed including the need for better diagnostics, markers of disease activity, and the potential for biological and topical therapies for both inflammation and scarring.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.