ReviewGenes2017
The Complex Relationship between Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance.
Review in Genes, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 293 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting resistance evolution to guide antibiotic development.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Long-read metagenomics reveals stable resistome and microbiome in treated Italian slaughterhouse wastewater: a preliminary study.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Network-based bioinformatics for the prediction of candidate SNPs in Staphylococcus aureus virulence and resistance genes.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Pyometra with Concurrent Endometrial Adenocarcinoma in Laboratory Opossums (Monodelphis domestica): A Case Series of Four Animals.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms of virulence in Enterococcus faecium: integrating Esp, Acm, regulatory RNA networks in multidrug resistant nosocomial infections.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Patterns of ARGs and VFs Driven by Short-Term Seasonal Hydro-Environmental Stress Interactions in a Eutrophic Plateau Lake.Microbial ecology · 2026Article
- First Case of Cutaneous Coinfection withDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance: The Answers.British journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Molecular characterization of ESBL-producingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Antibacterial activity and metabolomic profile of Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam. aqueous extract against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antibiotics Impact the Cytotoxicity and Cytopathic Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- ARGOS homolog evolution in brassicaceae and the role of BnaC6.ARGOS in conferring drought tolerance via expression-responsive localization and reduced seed porosity in rapeseed.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Novel genetic features associated with the recently emerged MDR clade ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Multiscale comparative pathogenomic analysis of Vibrio anguillarum linking serotype diversity, genomic plasticity and pathogenicity.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Emergence of extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from broiler chickens and clinical samples in Egypt.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Improved Growth Media for Isolation and Identification of Fish PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Plasmid diversity ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Abundance and transmission of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes through mobile genetic elements in integrated chicken and fish farming system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Disarming the Pathogenicity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus via Osmundacetone-Mediated Inhibition of Sortase A.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
- Review
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, prompted by the overuse of antimicrobial agents, may arise from a variety of mechanisms, particularly horizontal gene transfer of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, which is often facilitated by biofilm formation. The importance of phenotypic changes seen in a biofilm, which lead to genotypic alterations, cannot be overstated. Irrespective of if the biofilm is single microbe or polymicrobial, bacteria, protected within a biofilm from the external environment, communicate through signal transduction pathways (e.g., quorum sensing or two-component systems), leading to global changes in gene expression, enhancing virulence, and expediting the acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Thus, one must examine a genetic change in virulence and resistance not only in the context of the biofilm but also as inextricably linked pathologies. Observationally, it is clear that increased virulence and the advent of antibiotic resistance often arise almost simultaneously; however, their genetic connection has been relatively ignored. Although the complexities of genetic regulation in a multispecies community may obscure a causative relationship, uncovering key genetic interactions between virulence and resistance in biofilm bacteria is essential to identifying new druggable targets, ultimately providing a drug discovery and development pathway to improve treatment options for chronic and recurring infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.