ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2017
Water Quality, Sanitation, and Hygiene Conditions in Schools and Households in Dolakha and Ramechhap Districts, Nepal: Results from A Cross-Sectional Survey.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Nutritional and health status of children 15 months after integrated school garden, nutrition, and water, sanitation and hygiene interventions: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Nepal.BMC public health · 2020Trial
- Household Water and Handwashing Facilities and Early Childhood Education Participation in Nepal: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey.Health science reports · 2026Article
- From gene to plate in Indonesia: a food system framework for the triple burden of malnutrition.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Microbial and Chemical Water Quality Assessments Across the Rural and Urban Areas of Nepal: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Educational Intervention on Hygiene Knowledge and Practices of Sanitation Workers Globally: A Systematic Review.Scientifica · 2025Review
- Review
- Dictyophora Polysaccharide Attenuates As-Mediated PINK1/Parkin Pathway-Induced Mitophagy in L-02 Cell through Scavenging ROS.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) situation in primary schools of Pakistan: the impact of WASH-related interventions and policy on children school performance.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Effect of School Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on Health Status Among Basic Level Students' in Nepal.Environmental health insights · 2022Article
- Drinking Water Quality and Public Health in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Coliform Bacteria, Chemical Contaminants, and Health Status of Consumers.Journal of environmental and public health · 2022Article
- Bacteriological quality of drinking water from source and point of use and associated factors among households in Eastern Ethiopia.PloS one · 2021Article
- Assessing the Impacts of Relative Wealth and Geospatial Factors on Water Access in Rural Nepal: A Community Case Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school children living in an agricultural area of North Sumatera, Indonesia.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Food-borne and water-borne diseases under climate change in low- and middle-income countries: Further efforts needed for reducing environmental health exposure risks.Acta tropica · 2019Review
- Geographic Inequalities in Accessing Improved Water and Sanitation Facilities in Nepal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Children's Environmental Health in South and Southeast Asia: Networking for Better Child Health Outcomes.Annals of global health · 2019Article
- Co-Infection by Waterborne Enteric Viruses in Children with Gastroenteritis in Nepal.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Challenges and opportunities towards the road of universal health coverage (UHC) in Nepal: a systematic review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2019Review
- Intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in Dolakha and Ramechhap districts, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study assessed drinking water quality, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions among 708 schoolchildren and 562 households in Dolakha and Ramechhap districts of Nepal. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in March and June 2015. A Delagua water quality testing kit was employed on 634 water samples obtained from 16 purposively selected schools, 40 community water sources, and 562 households to examine water quality. A flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to test lead and arsenic content of the same samples. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain WASH predictors. A total of 75% of school drinking water source samples and 76.9% point-of-use samples (water bottles) at schools, 39.5% water source samples in the community, and 27.4% point-of-use samples at household levels were contaminated with thermo-tolerant coliforms. The values of water samples for pH (6.8-7.6), free and total residual chlorine (0.1-0.5 mg/L), mean lead concentration (0.01 mg/L), and mean arsenic concentration (0.05 mg/L) were within national drinking water quality standards. The presence of domestic animals roaming inside schoolchildren's homes was significantly associated with drinking water contamination (adjusted odds ratio: 1.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-2.50;
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.