ArticleFrontiers in immunology2016
Lysosome-Dependent Activation of Human Dendritic Cells by the Vaccine Adjuvant QS-21.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Nanoparticle Engineering in Modern Vaccinology: From Delivery Platforms to Immune-Programming Architectures.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Dissecting the mechanism of action of the adjuvant system AS01 in human immune cells: synergy of QS-21 and monophosphoryl lipid A and role of type I interferons.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Structure and immunological activity of QS-21 variant fromFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- ALFQ adjuvanted HIV-1 envelope protein vaccination elicits durable functional antibody and cellular responses in nonhuman primates.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Age-related changes in the immune system and challenges for the development of age-specific vaccines.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Matrix-M adjuvant triggers inflammasome activation and enables antigen cross-presentation through induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Ionizable lipid nanoparticles of mRNA vaccines elicit NF-κB and IRF responses through toll-like receptor 4.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- The role of cell death pathways in respiratory viral infection and vaccination: two sides of the same coin.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- From bark to bench: innovations in QS-21 adjuvant characterization and manufacturing.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Enhancing vaccine effectiveness in the elderly to counter antibiotic resistance: The potential of adjuvants via pattern recognition receptors.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Identification of CDK4/6 Inhibitors as Small Molecule NLRP3 Inflammasome Activators that Facilitate IL-1β Secretion and T Cell Adjuvanticity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Comparison of the Immunogenicity of the LZ901 Vaccine and HZ/su Vaccine in a Mouse Model.Vaccines · 2024Article
- A broadly applicable protein-polymer adjuvant system for antiviral vaccines.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Current Progress in the Science of Novel Adjuvant Nano-Vaccine-Induced Protective Immune Responses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Blends of Organic Acids Are Weaponizing the Host iNOS and Nitric Oxide to Reduce Infection ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Chemical and biological characterization of vaccine adjuvant QS-21 produced via plant cell culture.iScience · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The adjuvant properties of the saponin QS-21 have been known for decades. It is a component of the Adjuvant System AS01 that is used in several vaccine candidates. QS-21 strongly potentiates both cellular and humoral immune responses to purified antigens, yet how it activates immune cells is largely unknown. Here, we report that QS-21 directly activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and promoted a pro-inflammatory transcriptional program. Cholesterol-dependent QS-21 endocytosis followed by lysosomal destabilization and Syk kinase activation were prerequisites for this response. Cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, was essential for moDC activation
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.