ArticleTobacco induced diseases2017
Development of a scale assessing Beliefs About ThirdHand Smoke (BATHS).
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effectiveness of a Structured Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Beliefs, and Self-Reported Practices of Pregnant Women Exposed to Thirdhand Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Beliefs about thirdhand smoke and voluntary smoking bans in homes and cars: a cross-sectional study in Türkiye, 2023.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Formal tobacco-control training and thirdhand smoke counseling practices among pediatric nurses in China: a cross-sectional study of cognitive and implementation factors.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Invisible smoke, real threat: can education protect pregnant women from thirdhand smoke exposure? (a protocol study).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Psychometric Evaluation of Iranian Version of Beliefs about Third-Hand Smoke Scale (BATHS-T) in Pregnant Women.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Beliefs about third-hand smoke and health perceptions of the preschool paediatric patients' parents.Central European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Awareness of third-hand smoke: A cross-sectional study among medical students at Qassim University.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Third-hand Smoking Beliefs in Patients with Cancer.Thoracic research and practice · 2025Article
- Perceptions of Patients with Respiratory Disorders About Environmental Smoke.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2025Article
- Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Ignored by Pediatricians: A Cross-sectional Study.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Tobacco in hotels: A study of smoke exposure and resident risk.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
- Thirdhand Smoke Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviors among Parents and Families: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Thirdhand smoke beliefs, exposure status and associated factors among young people in China: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- The beliefs of medical faculty students about thirdhand smoke.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation, and Children's Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Beliefs of parents in Kuwait about thirdhand smoke and its relation to home smoking rules: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- Thirdhand smoke beliefs and behaviors among families of primary school children in Shanghai.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- Peer Smoking and Smoking-related Beliefs Among College Students in Bangladesh.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSimilarly to secondhand smoke (SHS), thirdhand smoke (THS) beliefs may be correlated with smoking behaviors and smokefree policies in the home. Thus, there is a need to develop and validate measures to assess beliefs about THS.
methodsA list of 19 items related to THS were generated by an expert panel and tested in a pilot study. Based on results from an exploratory factor analysis, two factors emerged: THS persistence in the environment and THS impact on health. The scale was reduced to nine items, which showed no differential item functioning by smoking status or smoking ban status in the home. The nine items and the two factor structure were tested in a validation sample from a smoke-free homes intervention that included THS educational materials.
resultsThe 9-item scale showed excellent internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit for the two factor solution in a low-income population. Tests of construct validity indicated differences due to exposure to the smoke-free homes intervention, by smoking status, whether participants own or rent their home, and smoking ban status in the home.
conclusionsThe BATHS scale offers researchers a valid and reliable tool to assess THS beliefs.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.