ArticlePLoS pathogens2017
Static and Evolving Norovirus Genotypes: Implications for Epidemiology and Immunity.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 170 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
170 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 277 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rotavirus vaccines in Africa and Norovirus genetic diversity in children aged 0 to 5 years old: a systematic review and meta-analysis : Rotavirus vaccines in Africa and Norovirus genetic diversity.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Using molecular methods to delineate norovirus outbreaks: a systematic review.Archives of virology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled prevalence and genetic diversity of norovirus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Lactoferrin on Prevention of Acute Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Winter: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial for Staff of Kindergartens and Nursery Schools in Japan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- A Wastewater-based Modeling Framework for Inferring Norovirus Transmission Dynamics.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Small Epidemic Outbreak of Norovirus in the Pediatric Department of Brescia Civic Hospital (Northern Italy): Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Emergence of a novel GII.17 variant is associated with immune evasion rather than an altered HBGA-binding profile.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A single amino acid in the viral capsid makes a major contribution to the interaction between human norovirus GII.6 and the bacterial Psl exopolysaccharide.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Global trends in norovirus genotype distribution among medically attended children with acute gastroenteritis, 2020-2025.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2026Article
- Balancing under constraint: Structural insights into norovirus evolution and antigenic innovation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A Prolonged Norovirus Infection and the Molecular Evolution of Human Norovirus Within-Host in a Child with Burkitt Lymphoma.Viruses · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Transmission Dynamics of a Novel Norovirus GII.17[P17] Lineage During Two Consecutive Outbreaks in a Spanish Hospital.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Wastewater-based surveillance of norovirus GI and GII: Comparative performance of commercial and in-house RT-qPCR Assays.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- The emergence and evolutionary advantage of the novel epidemic norovirus GII.17 lineage.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic Analyses ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Identifying intra-hospital Norovirus GII transmission using whole-genome sequencing.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Increase of GII.17 Norovirus Infections During the 2024-2025 Season in Multiple Cities, China.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Mutational analysis of human norovirus VP2 elucidates critical molecular interactions for virus assembly.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Molecular evolution and diversity of the norovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antiviral Role of Surface Layer Protein A (SlpA) ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Noroviruses are major pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Their RNA genomes are diverse, with two major genogroups (GI and GII) comprised of at least 28 genotypes associated with human disease. To elucidate mechanisms underlying norovirus diversity and evolution, we used a large-scale genomics approach to analyze human norovirus sequences. Comparison of over 2000 nearly full-length ORF2 sequences representing most of the known GI and GII genotypes infecting humans showed a limited number (≤5) of distinct intra-genotypic variants within each genotype, with the exception of GII.4. The non-GII.4 genotypes were comprised of one or more intra-genotypic variants, with each variant containing strains that differed by only a few residues over several decades (remaining "static") and that have co-circulated with no clear epidemiologic pattern. In contrast, the GII.4 genotype presented the largest number of variants (>10) that have evolved over time with a clear pattern of periodic variant replacement. To expand our understanding of these two patterns of diversification ("static" versus "evolving"), we analyzed using NGS the nearly full-length norovirus genome in healthy individuals infected with GII.4, GII.6 or GII.17 viruses in different outbreak settings. The GII.4 viruses accumulated mutations rapidly within and between hosts, while the GII.6 and GII.17 viruses remained relatively stable, consistent with their diversification patterns. Further analysis of genetic relationships and natural history patterns identified groupings of certain genotypes into larger related clusters designated here as "immunotypes". We propose that "immunotypes" and their evolutionary patterns influence the prevalence of a particular norovirus genotype in the human population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.