ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2017
When does speech sound disorder matter for literacy? The role of disordered speech errors, co-occurring language impairment and family risk of dyslexia.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Clinical practice guideline: Interventions for Developmental Language Delay and Disorders.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2024Guideline
- Red flags for speech impairment: who should we refer to speech therapy?Archives of disease in childhood · 2026Article
- Associations Between Language, Speech Sound, and Learning Disorders.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Speech Error Subtypes and Their Association With Phonological Awareness in School-Aged Children and Young Adults.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Children with speech and language delay aged 2-10 Years in Palestine: A case-control study of socio-demographic, biological, familial, and environmental factors.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Concurrent Targeting of Expressive Vocabulary and Speech Comprehensibility in Pre-Schoolers with Developmental Language Disorder and Phonological Speech Sound Disorder Features: A Survey of UK Practice.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Speech perception in the Specific Learning Disorder with and without Persistent Speech Sound Disorder.CoDAS · 2024Article
- Child health care nurses' experience of language screening for 2.5-year-old children: A qualitative study.Nursing open · 2023Article
- Preliteracy Skills Mediate the Relation Between Early Speech Sound Production and Subsequent Reading Outcomes.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Article
- Spelling Proficiency of Children with a Resolved Phonological Speech Sound Disorder Treated with an Integrated Approach-A Long-Term Follow-Up Randomized Controlled Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Altered engagement of the speech motor network is associated with reduced phonological working memory in autism.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2023Article
- Sequencing Deficits and Phonological Speech Errors, But Not Articulation Errors, Predict Later Literacy Skills.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2022Article
- Telepractice Treatment of Residual Rhotic Errors Using App-Based Biofeedback: A Pilot Study.Language, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2022Article
- Brain Source Correlates of Speech Perception and Reading Processes in Children With and Without Reading Difficulties.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Educational outcomes associated with persistent speech disorder.International journal of language & communication disorders · 2021Article
- Breadth versus depth: Cumulative risk model and continuous measure prediction of poor language and reading outcomes at 12.Developmental science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study considers the role of early speech difficulties in literacy development, in the context of additional risk factors.
methodChildren were identified with speech sound disorder (SSD) at the age of 3½ years, on the basis of performance on the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology. Their literacy skills were assessed at the start of formal reading instruction (age 5½), using measures of phoneme awareness, word-level reading and spelling; and 3 years later (age 8), using measures of word-level reading, spelling and reading comprehension.
resultsThe presence of early SSD conferred a small but significant risk of poor phonemic skills and spelling at the age of 5½ and of poor word reading at the age of 8. Furthermore, within the group with SSD, the persistence of speech difficulties to the point of school entry was associated with poorer emergent literacy skills, and children with 'disordered' speech errors had poorer word reading skills than children whose speech errors indicated 'delay'. In contrast, the initial severity of SSD was not a significant predictor of reading development. Beyond the domain of speech, the presence of a co-occurring language impairment was strongly predictive of literacy skills and having a family risk of dyslexia predicted additional variance in literacy at both time-points.
conclusionsEarly SSD alone has only modest effects on literacy development but when additional risk factors are present, these can have serious negative consequences, consistent with the view that multiple risks accumulate to predict reading disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.