ReviewWorld journal of nephrology2017
Hypertonicity: Clinical entities, manifestations and treatment.
Review in World journal of nephrology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of serum osmolality levels with all-cause mortality risk in patients with DKA.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Electrolyte Imbalances and Metabolic Emergencies in Obesity: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Quantifying the Deficits of Body Water and Monovalent Cations in Hyperglycemic Emergencies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Hypernatremia in Hyperglycemia: Clinical Features and Relationship to Fractional Changes in Body Water and Monovalent Cations during Its Development.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The impacts of hypertonic conditions onFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Hemolysis by Saponin Is Accelerated at Hypertonic Conditions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Serum osmolality and hyperosmolar states.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Review
- Management of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia during the Covid-19 pandemic: a consensus statement of the Spanish Society for Endocrinology (Acqua Neuroendocrinology Group).Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Dysnatremias in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology, Manifestations, and Treatment.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Edelman Revisited: Concepts, Achievements, and Challenges.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Dialysis-associated hyperglycemia: manifestations and treatment.International urology and nephrology · 2020Review
- Autophagy and Hsp70 activation alleviate oral epithelial cell death induced by food-derived hypertonicity.Cell stress & chaperones · 2020Article
- The Corrected Serum Sodium Concentration in Hyperglycemic Crises: Computation and Clinical Applications.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Article
- Serum Sodium Concentration and Tonicity in Hyperglycemic Crises: Major Influences and Treatment Implications.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Review
- The mean cell volume difference (dMCV) reflects serum hypertonicity in diabetic dogs.PloS one · 2019Article
- Empagliflozin Contributes to Polyuria via Regulation of Sodium Transporters and Water Channels in Diabetic Rat Kidneys.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Principles of quantitative water and electrolyte replacement of losses from osmotic diuresis.International urology and nephrology · 2018Review
- Hyperglycemic Crisis in an Anuric Peritoneal Dialysis Patient with Profound and Symptomatic Hypertonicity.Cureus · 2018Article
- Fluid balance concepts in medicine: Principles and practice.World journal of nephrology · 2018Review
- Clinical aspects of changes in water and sodium homeostasis in the elderly.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and long-term neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia. Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake, gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia. Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic, euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and, if present, sodium deficit, and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia. Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components, solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration, which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.