ReviewMaternal health, neonatology and perinatology2017
Optimizing maternal and neonatal outcomes with postpartum contraception: impact on breastfeeding and birth spacing.
Review in Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postpartum hormonal contraception use and incidence of postpartum depression: a systematic review.The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception · 2019Pooled it
- Integrating a Postpartum Contraception Intervention in the Maternal and Child Health Care System of China: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- The effect of a postpartum intrauterine device programme on choice of contraceptive method in Tanzania: a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial.Health policy and planning · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Combined hormonal versus nonhormonal versus progestin-only contraceptives for postpartum contraception in lactating individuals.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Article
- Fertility Has Been Framed: Why Family Planning Is Not a Silver Bullet for Sustainable Development.Studies in comparative international development · 2023Article
- Article
- Socio-demographic and antenatal care-related factors associated with early post-partum family planning use in Ethiopia: evidence from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data.Frontiers in global women's health · 2023Article
- Article
- Reproductive Women's Knowledge on Possibility of Pregnancy after Birth but before Resumption of Menstruation and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Population-Based Study Using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey.International journal of reproductive medicine · 2022Article
- Putative Mental, Physical, and Social Mechanisms of Hormonal Influences on Postpartum Sexuality.Current sexual health reports · 2021Article
- Barriers to post-placental intrauterine device receipt among expectant minority women.The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception · 2021Article
- Do Expectant Mothers' Breastfeeding Plans Influence Provider Prenatal Contraceptive Counseling?Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2020Article
- Lactational amenorrhoea among adolescent girls in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- Predictors of puerperal menstruation.PloS one · 2020Article
- Resumption of sexual intercourse post partum and the utilisation of contraceptive methods in China: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Counseling at all contacts for postpartum contraceptive use: can paper-based tools help community health workers improve continuity of care? A qualitative study from Ethiopia.Gates open research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Postpartum contraception is important to prevent unintended pregnancies. Assisting women in achieving recommended inter-pregnancy intervals is a significant maternal-child health concern. Short inter-pregnancy intervals are associated with negative perinatal, neonatal, infant, and maternal health outcomes. More than 30% of women experience inter-pregnancy intervals of less than 18 months in the United States. Provision of any contraceptive method after giving birth is associated with improved inter-pregnancy intervals. However, concerns about the impact of hormonal contraceptives on breastfeeding and infant health have limited recommendations for such methods and have led to discrepant recommendations by organizations such as the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In this review, we discuss current recommendations for the use of hormonal contraception in the postpartum period. We also discuss details of the lactational amenorrhea method and effects of hormonal contraception on breastfeeding. Given the paucity of high quality evidence on the impact on hormonal contraception on breastfeeding outcomes, and the strong evidence for improved health outcomes with achievement of recommended birth spacing intervals, the real risk of unintended pregnancy and its consequences must not be neglected for fear of theoretical neonatal risks. Women should establish desired hormonal contraception before the risk of pregnancy resumes. With optimization of postpartum contraception provision, we will step closer toward a healthcare system with fewer unintended pregnancies and improved birth outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.