Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28099990›Full record

ArticleBiometrics2017

Statistical significance for hierarchical clustering.

Patrick K Kimes, Yufeng Liu, David Neil Hayes, James Stephen Marron

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biometrics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
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  4. HR-pQCT skeletal phenotype clustering associated with muscle function in older men and women: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026
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  9. A gene-expression signature defines a subtype of Stomach Adenocarcinomas with low levels of Claudins and a high ratio of NF-YA long/NF-YA short splicing variants.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026
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  19. Powerful significance testing for unbalanced clusters.Journal of computational and graphical statistics : a joint publication of American Statistical Association, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Interface Foundation of North America · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Patrick K KimesDepartment of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Yufeng LiuDepartment of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A.
David Neil HayesLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A.
James Stephen MarronDepartment of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A.

Funding

Statistical Methods for Cancer Clinical TrialsP01CA142538 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DAVIDIAN, MARIE, KOSOROK, MICHAEL R · 2010 to 2019
$21.3M
Gene Expression Patterns in Human Tumors Identified Using Transcript SequencingU24CA143848 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HAYES, DAVID N, PEROU, CHARLES M · 2009 to 2016
$20.8M
Network Group Integrated Translational Science Centers ApplicationU10CA181009 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HAYES, DAVID N, PEROU, CHARLES M · 2014 to 2018
$3.4M
Flexible statistical machine learning techniques for cancer-related dataR01CA149569 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI LIU, YUFENG, WU, YICHAO · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA142538NCI NIH HHS R01 CA149569NCI NIH HHS U10 CA181009NCI NIH HHS U24 CA143848
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cluster analysis has proved to be an invaluable tool for the exploratory and unsupervised analysis of high-dimensional datasets. Among methods for clustering, hierarchical approaches have enjoyed substantial popularity in genomics and other fields for their ability to simultaneously uncover multiple layers of clustering structure. A critical and challenging question in cluster analysis is whether the identified clusters represent important underlying structure or are artifacts of natural sampling variation. Few approaches have been proposed for addressing this problem in the context of hierarchical clustering, for which the problem is further complicated by the natural tree structure of the partition, and the multiplicity of tests required to parse the layers of nested clusters. In this article, we propose a Monte Carlo based approach for testing statistical significance in hierarchical clustering which addresses these issues. The approach is implemented as a sequential testing procedure guaranteeing control of the family-wise error rate. Theoretical justification is provided for our approach, and its power to detect true clustering structure is illustrated through several simulation studies and applications to two cancer gene expression datasets.

Indexed as

Cluster AnalysisAlgorithmsGenomicsHumansHigh-dimensionHypothesis testingMultiple correctionUnsupervised learning

Identifiers

PMID28099990
PMCPMC5708128

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.